Assessing Heterogeneity of Treatment Effects in Observational Studies
| Autor: | Christopher H. Schmid, Issa J Dahabreh, Andrew Leith, Sarah E. Robertson |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Matching (statistics)
Epidemiology Statistics as Topic Subgroup analysis Coronary Artery Disease 01 natural sciences Coronary artery disease 010104 statistics & probability 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Outcome Assessment Health Care Statistics Covariate medicine Humans Computer Simulation 030212 general & internal medicine Cardiac Surgical Procedures 0101 mathematics Probability Models Statistical business.industry Inverse probability weighting Estimator Cardiovascular Agents medicine.disease Combined Modality Therapy Observational Studies as Topic Treatment Outcome Sample size determination Data Interpretation Statistical Sample Size Observational study business |
| Zdroj: | American Journal of Epidemiology. 190:1088-1100 |
| ISSN: | 1476-6256 0002-9262 |
| Popis: | Here we describe methods for assessing heterogeneity of treatment effects over prespecified subgroups in observational studies, using outcome-model–based (g-formula), inverse probability weighting, doubly robust, and matching estimators of subgroup-specific potential outcome means, conditional average treatment effects, and measures of heterogeneity of treatment effects. We compare the finite-sample performance of different estimators in simulation studies where we vary the total sample size, the relative frequency of each subgroup, the magnitude of treatment effect in each subgroup, and the distribution of baseline covariates, for both continuous and binary outcomes. We find that the estimators’ bias and variance vary substantially in finite samples, even when there is no unobserved confounding and no model misspecification. As an illustration, we apply the methods to data from the Coronary Artery Surgery Study (August 1975–December 1996) to compare the effect of surgery plus medical therapy with that of medical therapy alone for chronic coronary artery disease in subgroups defined by previous myocardial infarction or left ventricular ejection fraction. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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