Chemical and Biological Enhancement Effects of Biochar on Wheat Growth and Yield under Arid Field Conditions
| Autor: | Shah Fahad, Ayman El Sabagh, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman, Rao Muhammad Ikram, Subhan Danish, Ghulam Haider, Zarmeena Khan, Bilal Riaz, Shakeel Ahmad, Rashid Iqbal, Rabia Amir, Rahul Datta, Alaa Baazeem, H.K. Schofield |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Canopy
Biofertilizer Geography Planning and Development NH4-N TJ807-830 chemistry.chemical_element 010501 environmental sciences Management Monitoring Policy and Law TD194-195 01 natural sciences Renewable energy sources IPAR wheat Biochar pollution GE1-350 Dry matter Leaf area index RUE 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Environmental effects of industries and plants Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment Chemistry Inoculation food and beverages Soil classification food security 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences canopy growth Nitrogen Environmental sciences Agronomy NO3−-N 040103 agronomy & agriculture 0401 agriculture forestry and fisheries |
| Zdroj: | Sustainability Volume 13 Issue 11 Sustainability, Vol 13, Iss 5890, p 5890 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 2071-1050 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/su13115890 |
| Popis: | Nitrogen (N) losses are prevalent under South East Asia’s due to high N fertilizer inputs, but low N fertilizer use efficiency. This leaves a large quantity of reactive N at risk of loss to the environment. Biochar has been found to reduce N losses across a variety of soil types, however, there is limited data available for semi-arid climates, particularly at a field-scale. Herein we present an exploration of the biological and chemical enhancement effects observed of a cotton stalk-based biochar on wheat growth and yield under arid field conditions. The biochar was treated with urea-N and biofertilizer (bio-power) in different treatment setups. The six experimental treatments included (i) a full N dose “recommended for wheat crops in the region” (104 kg N ha−1) as a positive control (ii) a half N dose (52 kg N ha−1) (iii) a half N dose + biofertilizer (4.94 kg ha−1) as a soil mixture (iv) a half N dose + biofertilizer as a seed inoculation (v) a full N dose as broadcast + biochar (5 t ha−1) inoculated with biofertilizer and (vi) a full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture. The half dose N application or biofertilizer addition as soil mix/seed inoculated/biochar inoculation with biofertilizer caused reduced wheat growth and yield compared to the control (conventional N fertilization). However, co-application of chemically enhanced biochar (loaded with a full N dose) and biofertilizer as soil mixture significantly increased the crop growth rate (CGR) and leaf area index (LAI). A significantly higher crop growth and canopy development led to a higher light interception and radiation use efficiency (RUE) for total dry matter (TDM) and grain yield (11% greater than control) production compared to the control. A greater grain yield, observed for the full N dose loaded on biochar + biofertilizer applied as a soil mixture, is attributed to prolonged N availability as indicated by greater plant and soil N content at harvest and different crop growth stages, respectively. The present study has improved our understanding of how the application of nitrogen loaded biochar and biofertilizer as soil mixtures can synergize to positively affect wheat growth and soil-nitrogen retention under arid environmental conditions. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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