Corticosteroids in ophthalmology: drug delivery innovations, pharmacology, clinical applications, and future perspectives
Autor: | Omar H. El-Garhy, Ali Alqahtani, Uday B. Kompella, Sherif A Gaballa, Barbara K. Pierscionek, Hamdy Abdelkader, Raid G. Alany |
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Rok vydání: | 2020 |
Předmět: |
pharmacy
Intraocular pressure medicine.medical_specialty Triamcinolone acetonide genetic structures medicine.drug_class Pharmaceutical Science Ocular hypertension 02 engineering and technology 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Fluocinolone acetonide Ophthalmology medicine business.industry 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology medicine.disease eye diseases Posterior segment of eyeball Drug delivery Prednisolone Corticosteroid sense organs 0210 nano-technology business medicine.drug |
Zdroj: | Drug Delivery and Translational Research. 11:866-893 |
ISSN: | 2190-3948 2190-393X |
Popis: | Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of the treatment for various ocular conditions affecting the ocular surface, anterior and posterior segments of the eye due to their anti-inflammatory, anti-oedematous, and anti-neovascularization properties. Prednisolone, prednisolone acetate, dexamethasone, triamcinolone acetonide, fluocinolone acetonide, and loteprednol etabonate are amongst the most widely used ophthalmic corticosteroids. Corticosteroids differ in their activity and potency in the eye due to their inherent pharmacological and pharmaceutical differences. Different routes and regimens are available for ocular administration of corticosteroids. Conventional topical application to the eye is the route of choice when targeting diseases affecting the ocular surface and anterior segment, while periocular, intravitreal, and suprachoroidal injections can be potentially effective for posterior segment diseases. Corticosteroid-induced intraocular pressure elevation and cataract formation remain the most significant local risks following topical as well as systemic corticosteroid administration. Invasive drug administration via intracameral, subconjunctival, and intravitreal injection can enhance ocular bioavailability and minimize dose and dosing frequency of administration, yet may exacerbate ocular side effects of corticosteroids. This review provides a critical appraisal of the ophthalmic uses of corticosteroid, routes of administration, drug delivery fundamentals and novel ocular implantable steroid delivery systems, factors influencing side effects, and future perspectives for ocular corticosteroid therapy. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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