Channel Shallowing as Mitigation of Coastal Flooding
| Autor: | Alan F. Blumberg, Kytt MacManus, David A. Jay, Hugh J. Roberts, Nickitas Georgas, Stefan A. Talke, Philip M. Orton, Haihong Zhao, Larry Yin |
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| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
bathymetry hurricane Storm surge Ocean Engineering adaptation 01 natural sciences wetlands lcsh:Oceanography flooding lcsh:VM1-989 tides storm surge Flood mitigation lcsh:GC1-1581 14. Life underwater Coastal flood 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Water Science and Technology Civil and Structural Engineering Hydrology geography geography.geographical_feature_category Flood myth 010505 oceanography Flooding (psychology) lcsh:Naval architecture. Shipbuilding. Marine engineering Storm Inlet 6. Clean water Jamaica Bay Oceanography 13. Climate action Hurricane Sandy Environmental science New York City Bay |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, Vol 3, Iss 3, Pp 654-673 (2015) Journal of Marine Science and Engineering Volume 3 Issue 3 Pages 654-673 |
| ISSN: | 2077-1312 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/jmse3030654 |
| Popis: | Here, we demonstrate that reductions in the depth of inlets or estuary channels can be used to reduce or prevent coastal flooding. A validated hydrodynamic model of Jamaica Bay, New York City (NYC), is used to test nature-based adaptation measures in ameliorating flooding for NYC's two largest historical coastal flood events. In addition to control runs with modern bathymetry, three altered landscape scenarios are tested: (1) increasing the area of wetlands to their 1879 footprint and bathymetry, but leaving deep shipping channels unaltered (2) shallowing all areas deeper than 2 m in the bay to be 2 m below Mean Low Water (3) shallowing only the narrowest part of the inlet to the bay. These three scenarios are deliberately extreme and designed to evaluate the leverage each approach exerts on water levels. They result in peak water level reductions of 0.3%, 15%, and 6.8% for Hurricane Sandy, and 2.4%, 46% and 30% for the Category-3 hurricane of 1821, respectively (bay-wide averages). These results suggest that shallowing can provide greater flood protection than wetland restoration, and it is particularly effective at reducing "fast-pulse" storm surges that rise and fall quickly over several hours, like that of the 1821 storm. Nonetheless, the goal of flood mitigation must be weighed against economic, navigation, and ecological needs, and practical concerns such as the availability of sediment. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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