Quasi-spherical Ice in Convective Clouds
| Autor: | Andrew J. Heymsfield, Hans Schlager, Fabian Heidelberg, Tina Jurkat, Edwin Hirst, Olivier Jourdan, Valery Shcherbakov, Thomas Leisner, Paul Vochezer, Carl G. Schmitt, Armin Afchine, Christiane Voigt, Martina Krämer, Aaron Bansemer, Ugo Tricoli, Anja Costa, Martin Gallagher, Klaus Pfeilsticker, Emma Järvinen, Paul Lawson, G. Mioche, Leonid Nichman, Martin Schnaiter, Ottmar Möhler |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Météorologie Physique (LaMP), IUT d'Allier (IUT d'Allier), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Space and Atmospheric Physics Group [London], Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London-Imperial College London, DLR Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), School of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Manchester] (SEES), University of Manchester [Manchester], National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology [Norman, Oklahoma, USA], University of Oklahoma (OU), Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
optical properties
Atmospheric Science Materials science 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Fallstreak hole ice cirrus clouds cloud microphysics sublimation Atmospheric sciences 01 natural sciences complex mixtures cirrus clouds law.invention 010309 optics Physics::Fluid Dynamics law 0103 physical sciences ddc:550 Radiative transfer ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 0105 earth and related environmental sciences [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph] [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean Atmosphere Microphysics Ice crystals Scattering technology industry and agriculture Atmosphärische Spurenstoffe eye diseases 13. Climate action Chemical physics Ice nucleus Sublimation (phase transition) Cloud chamber ice crystals sphericity |
| Zdroj: | Järvinen, E, Schnaiter, M, Mioche, G, Jourdan, O, Scherbakov, V, Costa, A, Afchine, A, Kramer, M, Heidelberg, F, Jurkat, T, Voigt, C, Schlager, H, Nichman, L, Gallagher, M, Hirst, E, Schmitt, C, Bansemer, A, Heymsfield, A, Lawson, P, Tricoli, U, Pfeilsticker, K, Vochezer, P, Möhler, O & Leisner, T 2016, ' Quasi-spherical Ice in Convective Clouds ', Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 73, no. 10, pp. 3885-3910 . https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-15-0365.1 Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, American Meteorological Society, 2016, 73 (10), pp.3885-3910. ⟨10.1175/JAS-D-15-0365.1⟩ Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 2016, 73 (10), pp.3885-3910. ⟨10.1175/JAS-D-15-0365.1⟩ Journal of the atmospheric sciences 73(10), 3885-3910 (2016). doi:10.1175/JAS-D-15-0365.1 Jounal of the Atmospheric Sciences |
| ISSN: | 0022-4928 1520-0469 |
| Popis: | Homogeneous freezing of supercooled droplets occurs in convective systems in low and midlatitudes. This droplet-freezing process leads to the formation of a large amount of small ice particles, so-called frozen droplets, that are transported to the upper parts of anvil outflows, where they can influence the cloud radiative properties. However, the detailed microphysics and, thus, the scattering properties of these small ice particles are highly uncertain. Here, the link between the microphysical and optical properties of frozen droplets is investigated in cloud chamber experiments, where the frozen droplets were formed, grown, and sublimated under controlled conditions. It was found that frozen droplets developed a high degree of small-scale complexity after their initial formation and subsequent growth. During sublimation, the small-scale complexity disappeared, releasing a smooth and near-spherical ice particle. Angular light scattering and depolarization measurements confirmed that these sublimating frozen droplets scattered light similar to spherical particles: that is, they had angular light-scattering properties similar to water droplets. The knowledge gained from this laboratory study was applied to two case studies of aircraft measurements in midlatitude and tropical convective systems. The in situ aircraft measurements confirmed that the microphysics of frozen droplets is dependent on the humidity conditions they are exposed to (growth or sublimation). The existence of optically spherical frozen droplets can be important for the radiative properties of detraining convective outflows. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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