| Popis: |
Epidermal changes are histological hallmarks of secondary lymphedema, but it is unknown if keratinocytes contribute to its pathophysiology. Using clinical lymphedema specimens and mouse models, we show that keratinocytes play a primary role in lymphedema development by producing T-helper 2 (Th2) -inducing cytokines. Specifically, we find that keratinocyte proliferation and expression of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2) are early responses following lymphatic injury and regulate the expression of Th2-inducing cytokines, migration of Langerhans cells, and skin infiltration of Th2-differentiated T cells. Furthermore, inhibition of PAR2 activation with a small molecule inhibitor or the proliferation inhibitor teriflunomide (TF) prevents activation of keratinocytes stimulated with lymphedema fluid. Finally, topical TF is highly effective for decreasing swelling, fibrosis, and inflammation in a preclinical mouse model. Our findings suggest that lymphedema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease, and topically targeting keratinocyte activation may be a clinically effective therapy for this condition. |
