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The challenge for facing highly increasing environmental and health problems of modern society, caused by an ever increasing industrial development and economic growth worldwide, calls for a restructuring of waste management systems , using renewable resources and low-carbon solutions in agreement with the concept of circular economy. The main point of circular economy is the use of natural resource materials in a closed-loop, leading to zero-waste generation and sustainability (Ghisellini et al., 2016; Lieder and Rashid; 2016, Sauvé et al., 2016). The main concept of the HORIZON 2020 Waste4Think project is to introduce and promote 20 eco-innovative solutions that cover the whole waste value chain. These solutions will be applied and assessed in 4 European cities: Zamudio (Basque Country, Spain); Halandri (Greece); Seveso (Italy); and Cascais (Portugal) (Waste4Think, 2015). The eco-innovative solutions will provide: IT tools, apps for citizens, educational materials and serious games, tools for citizen, changes based on economic instruments and social actions, and finally implementation, valorization and reuse of alternatives for the recovery of high-grade materials (Figure 1). |
