Higher hair nicotine level in children compared to mother living with smoking father in Malaysia
| Autor: | Hamid Jan Jan Mohamed, Che Nin Man, Nur Nadia Mohamed, See Ling Loy, Abdullah Al-Mamun |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Nicotine Pediatrics medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Mothers Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Fathers Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine 030225 pediatrics medicine Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Child Pregnancy integumentary system business.industry Smoking Malaysia Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Regular Article General Medicine Middle Aged medicine.disease Cross-Sectional Studies Child Preschool Positive relationship Tobacco Smoke Pollution Smoking status sense organs business Hair medicine.drug Demography Cohort study |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 21:572-578 |
| ISSN: | 1347-4715 1342-078X |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s12199-016-0584-5 |
| Popis: | The objectives of this study are to determine parental and children’s hair nicotine levels, their relationships as well as to investigate the association of smoking status of the fathers with mothers’ and children’s hair nicotine. A cross-sectional study design was conducted among 124 families who were participants of the Universiti Sains Malaysia Pregnancy Cohort Study. Both parents with their 2 years old children joined this study. A total of 92 hair samples of fathers, 124 hair samples of mothers and 111 hair samples of children were collected and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Of total, 52.4 % of the fathers reported smoking. None of the mothers were smokers. Hair nicotine levels of fathers were found to be significantly correlated with mothers (r = 0.233, p = 0.026) and children (r = 0.508, p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
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