Factors affecting the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Luknow, India
| Autor: | I. Zipkin, H.S. Horowitz, J. Doyle, R.S. Nanda |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1974 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Rural Population Adolescent Fluorosis Dental Urban Population Climate Dentistry India Reference Daily Intake Phosphates Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound Fluorides Nutrient Water Supply medicine Humans Magnesium Child General Dentistry business.industry DMF Index Water Nutritional status Cell Biology General Medicine Hydrogen-Ion Concentration medicine.disease Diet Fluoride intake Calcium Dietary Drinking habits Otorhinolaryngology chemistry Female Seasons business Fluoride Dental fluorosis Food Analysis |
| Zdroj: | Archives of oral biology. 19(9) |
| ISSN: | 0003-9969 |
| Popis: | Reported findings from India have indicated the presence of dental fluorosis in areas where the fluoride concn. in water supplies is less than 1 ppm. This investigation evaluated the prevalence of dental fluorosis in Lucknow, India, and studied the factors responsible for the unusually high degrees of fluorosis. Eighteen per cent of the 16,565 children examined had definite dental fluorosis, but it was a public health problem only in the rural areas. Definite fluorosis was noticed in 24 per cent of the children ingesting water with 0.4–0.8 ppm of fluoride. To determine the factors responsible for the unusually high degree of prevalence of fluorosis in Lucknow, complete dietary histories on 444 children were obtained at three distinct times during the year (summer, monsoon and winter seasons). The sample of children with an age range of 0.8 yr was evenly divided between endemic and non-endemic rural areas. Drinking water was the principal source of fluoride intake and constituted more than half of the total fluoride ingested from all foods and fluids. The fluoride content of water and the quantity ingested were greater in summer and monsoon than in winter. There were no undue concentrations of fluoride found in the foods examined. The quantities of other ingested nutrients known to be related to fluoride metabolism were recorded, i.e. calcium, phosphate and magnesium in foods, and calcium, phosphate, magnesium, chloride and sulphate in water. pH and hardness of drinking waters were also evaluated. Calcium and phosphate intakes were somewhat low compared with recommended daily allowances in the U.S.A., and magnesium intakes were normal. Water analyses did not produce any definitive data except for their high degree of hardness. Total fluoride intakes were approximately twice those expected. We believe that the total amount of fluoride ingested is a greater determinant of the dental fluorosis observed than the nutritional status of the children examined. In determining the optimum fluoride levels of a water supply, the climate, source of water supply, drinking habits, and other factors influencing the quantity of water ingested should be carefully considered. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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