Effects of voluntary and involuntary exercise on cognitive functions, and VEGF and BDNF levels in adolescent rats
Autor: | Nazan Uysal, Celal Gençoğlu, Muge Kiray, Ilkay Aksu, Ulas M. Camsari, Caner Çetinkaya, Ali Riza Sisman, Basak Baykara |
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Jazyk: | angličtina |
Rok vydání: | 2015 |
Předmět: |
Male
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A medicine.medical_specialty Aging Histology Hippocampus Prefrontal Cortex Hippocampal formation Anxiety chemistry.chemical_compound Cognition Corticosterone Memory Internal medicine Physical Conditioning Animal Medicine Animals Learning Treadmill Rats Wistar Prefrontal cortex Psychiatry Neurons business.industry Dentate gyrus Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor General Medicine Vascular endothelial growth factor Medical Laboratory Technology Endocrinology nervous system chemistry Female medicine.symptom business |
Popis: | Regular treadmill running during adolescence improves learning and memory in rats. During adolescence, the baseline level of stress is thought to be greater than during other periods of life. We investigated the effects of voluntary and involuntary exercise on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and spatial learning, memory and anxiety in adolescent male and female rats. The voluntary exercise group was given free access to a running wheel for 6 weeks. The involuntary exercise group was forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min at 8 m/min 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Improved learning was demonstrated in both exercise groups compared to controls. Neuron density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus and prefrontal cortex were increased. Hippocampal VEGF and BDNF levels were increased in both exercise groups compared to controls. In females, anxiety and corticosterone levels were decreased; BDNF and VEGF levels were higher in the voluntary exercise group than in the involuntary exercise group. The adolescent hippocampus is affected favorably by regular exercise. Although no difference was found in anxiety levels as a result of involuntary exercise in males, females showed increased anxiety levels, and decreased VEGF and BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex after involuntary exercise. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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