Physiological and Psychological Responses to a Maximal Swimming Exercise Test in Adolescent Elite Athletes
| Autor: | Edit Bosnyák, Han C. G. Kemper, Ákos Móra, Dorina Annár, Nikoletta Nagy, Piroska Fehér, Zsófia Sziráki, Márta Szmodis, Gábor Almási, Annamária Zsákai |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Swimming exercise Adolescent Hydrocortisone Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis education Physiology Perceived Stress Scale psychology Article Mood scale Heart rate medicine Humans Elite athletes swimming Saliva Testosterone Overtraining business.industry Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health medicine.disease Test (assessment) overtraining Athletes physiology Exercise Test Medicine Female business adolescent elite |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 9270, p 9270 (2021) Volume 18 Issue 17 |
| ISSN: | 1660-4601 |
| Popis: | Background: Continuously rising performances in elite adolescent athletes requires increasing training loads. This training overload without professional monitoring, could lead to overtraining in these adolescents. Methods: 31 elite adolescent athletes (boys: n = 19, 16 yrs girls: n = 12, 15 yrs) participated in a field-test which contained a unified warm-up and a 200 m maximal freestyle swimming test. Saliva samples for testosterone (T) in boys, estradiol (E) in girls and cortisol (C) in both genders were collected pre-, post- and 30 min post-exercise. Lactate levels were obtained pre- and post-exercise. Brunel Mood Scale, Perceived Stress Scale and psychosomatic symptoms questionnaires were filled out post-exercise. Results: Lactate levels differed between genders (boys: pre: 1.01 ± 0.26 post: 8.19 ± 3.24 girls: pre: 0.74 ± 0.23 post: 5.83 ± 2.48 mmol/L). C levels increased significantly in boys: pre- vs. post- (p = 0.009), pre- vs. 30 min post-exercise (p = 0.003). The T level (p = 0.0164) and T/C ratio (p = 0.0004) decreased after field test which draws attention to the possibility of overtraining. Maximal and resting heart rates did not differ between genders however, heart rate recovery did (boys: 29.22 ± 7.4 girls: 40.58 ± 14.50 beats/min p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our models can be used to explain the hormonal ratio changes (37.5–89.8%). Based on the results this method can induce hormonal response in elite adolescent athletes and can be used to notice irregularities with repeated measurements. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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