UNDERWATER AUDIOGRAM OF THE CALIFORNIA SEA LION BY THE CONDITIONED VOCALIZATION TECHNIQUE1
| Autor: | Ronald J. Schusterman, James C. Nixon, Richard F. Balliet |
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| Rok vydání: | 1972 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Zalophus californianus Acoustics Differential Threshold Experimental and Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Neuroscience Audiometry Hearing Conditioning Psychological Immersion medicine Animals Underwater Sea lion Communication biology medicine.diagnostic_test business.industry Pure tone Sound detection Ear Articles Audiogram biology.organism_classification Caniformia Sound Auditory Perception Environmental science Vocalization Animal business Zalophus |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. 17:339-350 |
| ISSN: | 0022-5002 |
| DOI: | 10.1901/jeab.1972.17-339 |
| Popis: | Conditioning techniques were developed demonstrating that pure tone frequencies under water can exert nearly perfect control over the underwater click vocalizations of the California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Conditioned vocalizations proved to be a reliable way of obtaining underwater sound detection thresholds in Zalophus at 13 different frequencies, covering a frequency range of 250 to 64,000 Hz. The audiogram generated by these threshold measurements suggests that under water, the range of maximal sensitivity for Zalophus lies between one and 28 kHz with best sensitivity at 16 kHz. Between 28 and 36 kHz there is a loss in sensitivity of 60 dB/octave. However, with relatively intense acoustic signals (> 38 dB re 1 μb underwater), Zalophus will respond to frequencies at least as high as 192 kHz. These results are compared with the underwater hearing of other marine mammals. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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