The role of dopamine receptors in lymphocytes and their changes in schizophrenia

Autor: Josh Allen, S. Ramos-García, D. Pérez-Rodríguez, Tania Rivera-Baltanás, Hector J. Caruncho, M. Nieto-Araujo, Carolina Barreiro-Villar, Ana Borrajo, José M. Olivares, C. Fernandez-Pereira, Roberto Carlos Agís-Balboa, M. A. Penedo, David Alonso-Crespo
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Zdroj: Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health
Brain, Behavior, & Immunity-Health, Vol 12, Iss, Pp 100199-(2021)
ISSN: 2666-3546
Popis: Dopamine and its 5 receptors, which are grouped into two families (D1-like and D2-like), modulate functions at a systemic level in both the central nervous system and periphery. The central nervous system and the immune system are the main adaptive systems, which participate in a continuous and functional crosstalk to guarantee homeostasis. On binding to its 5 dopamine receptors, dopamine acts as a co-regulator of the immune system, contributing to the interaction of the central nervous system and inflammatory events and as a source of communication between the different immune cells. Dopaminergic perturbations in the central nervous system are observed in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders with a poorly understood pathoaetiology that includes genetic and environmental components that promote alterations in the dopaminergic system. Interestingly, abnormalities in dopamine receptors expression in lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients have been reported, often significantly correlating with the severity of the psychotic illness. Here, we review the current literature regarding the dopaminergic system in human lymphocytes and its alterations in schizophrenia.
Highlights 1. The existence of DA in the bloodstream suggests the presence of dopaminergic components that modulate functions at a systemic level; therefore, its effects are not limited to the CNS and the signalling in the neuronal dopaminergic system should be independent from that of the peripheral systems. 2. The effects by DA-mediated activation of different DRs on immune cells show different sensitivities to DA, but binding profiles of DA on T cells are similar to those in neuronal membranes, suggesting receptors act similarly to those found in neurons. 3. All DRs are expressed on the LYM membrane. However, more detailed information is required on the expression patterns of DR in immune cells in healthy conditions and in pathologies. 4. DA has been observed to influence LYM functions acting in a variety of important processes, like cytokine secretion, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, and cytotoxicity. 5. In human LYM, DA on D1-like receptors decreases oxidative metabolism and apoptosis, activates the selective secretion of IL-10 and TNFα, and facilitates NK cells. In contrast, most of the immunostimulatory DA effects on LYM depend on stimulation of D2-like receptors including activation, proliferation, differentiation, and suppression of NK cells. 6. To date, an altered expression or signalling of neurotransmitter receptors is observed in immune cells during psychiatric disorders and, consequently, these cells also markedly respond to antipsychotics. 7. Numerous technologies have been used in search of biomarkers for SCZ. However, after a century of studying SCZ their application in psychiatry remains rare and there are currently no validated biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with SCZ or the prediction of treatment efficacy.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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