Sex Differences in Conscious Sedation During Upper Gastrointestinal Panendoscopic Examination
| Autor: | Hon-Ping Lau, Yu-Hsuan Yen, Yi-Chia Lee, Huei-Ming Yeh, Tzu-Fu Lin, Chen-Jung Lin |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2011 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
Male Adolescent Midazolam Sedation medicine.medical_treatment sex difference Conscious Sedation Analgesic agents Endoscopy Gastrointestinal Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Young Adult Age Distribution Sex Factors Monitoring Intraoperative medicine Noxious stimulus Humans Hypnotics and Sedatives Upper gastrointestinal Prospective Studies Alfentanil Saline panendoscopy Aged Pain Measurement Ultrasonography Medicine(all) Pain Postoperative lcsh:R5-920 Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry Electroencephalography General Medicine Middle Aged Analgesics Opioid Treatment Outcome sedation Anesthesia Anesthetic Female medicine.symptom business entropy lcsh:Medicine (General) medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Journal of the Formosan Medical Association, Vol 110, Iss 1, Pp 44-49 (2011) |
| ISSN: | 0929-6646 |
| Popis: | Background/PurposeSex differences in response to noxious stimuli or analgesia have been demonstrated. We investigated sex differences in conscious sedation during upper gastrointestinal panendoscopic examination with regard to drug dose and entropy scores.MethodsWe investigated sex differences in 30 men and 30 women who were undergoing conscious sedation during upper gastrointestinal panendoscopic examination. The drug mixture was prepared as 5 mg midazolam plus 1 mg alfentanil diluted with normal saline to a volume of 10 mL. An initial injection of 4 mL was followed by an additional 1 mL every 1 minute, until the modified Observer Assessment of Alertness and Sedation (OAAS) rating scale was ≤ 3 when the panendoscope was inserted. Further injection was allowed thereafter. Entropy values, including state entropy (SE) and response entropy (RE), were monitored from baseline to full recovery.ResultsThe volume of mixture needed to achieve an OAAS score of ≤ 3 was significantly lower in men than in women (4.4 ± 0.7 mL vs. 4.8 ± 0.8 mL, p = 0.034). The initial drug demand was not significantly influenced by age, body weight, or body height. The RE and SE values at the time of panendoscope insertion were not significantly different between men and women. The total volume for men was also significantly lower than that for women (5.7 ± 1.1 mL vs. 6.5 ± 1.4 mL, p < 0.01). The lowest RE and SE values during the procedure were not significantly different between men and women.ConclusionWomen need more analgesic agents than men during panendoscopic examination. There was no significant difference between men and women with regard to anesthetic depth and response to noxious stimuli, as revealed by similar SE and RE values. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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