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The task of the study was to assess the hygiene of milking cows as a source of bacterial contamination of milk at the initial stage of its production in the Ural region of Russia. Selected samples were collected from milking Equipment, milking gloves and milk for the detection of Mastitis pathogens. The investigations were carried out by the polymerase chain reaction method, using the Vet-Septoskrin, n = 38. In 89.47% of the sampling, a pathogenic and conditionally pathogenic microflora was isolated, whereas in 10.53% of the cases no microflora was detected. In the monoculture of the microflora in all samples, E. coli was represented in 5.88%. In 94.12% of the bacterial culture S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticum and S. haemolyticus (43.75%), Staphylococcus spp., E. coli (37.50%), Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus agalactiae (12.50%), Streptococcus agalactiae, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus spp. (6.25%) were found in association Microflora of milk in 15.79% is represented by monoculture (Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli), in 84.21% – associations of bacteria in the culture were found. In the structure of associations of cultures of bacteria 43.75% were on Staphylococcus spp.. Mixed species were selected in 56.25%: E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. (18.75%), Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus spp. (12.50%), E. coli and Streptococcus agalactiae (12.50%), Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli and Staphylococcus spp. (6.25%), Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae (6.25%). The results showed unfavorable milking conditions, which is a potential source of milk contamination by microorganisms and explains the presence of mastitis pathogens. Therefore, it is necessary to implement a quality policy aimed at hygiene in the whole chain of primary production milk. |
