Protective Effect of Thymus serrulatus Essential Oil on Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Rats, through Suppression of Oxidative Stress and Downregulation of NF-κB, iNOS, and Smad2 mRNA Expression
| Autor: | Najeeb Ur Rehman, Aman Karim, Faisal Imam, Abubaker M. Hamad, Mohd Nazam Ansari |
|---|---|
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Thymus serrulatus
Pharmaceutical Science Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II Smad2 Protein medicine.disease_cause Kidney NF-κB Antioxidants Analytical Chemistry Lipid peroxidation chemistry.chemical_compound 0302 clinical medicine Drug Discovery 0303 health sciences NF-kappa B Malondialdehyde medicine.anatomical_structure Chemistry (miscellaneous) 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis Toxicity Molecular Medicine Kidney Diseases medicine.medical_specialty renal injury cadmium Cadmium chloride Article Nephrotoxicity lcsh:QD241-441 Thymus Plant 03 medical and health sciences lcsh:Organic chemistry Internal medicine medicine Oils Volatile Animals Humans Physical and Theoretical Chemistry 030304 developmental biology Smad 2 Organic Chemistry Glutathione Rats Oxidative Stress Endocrinology chemistry Gene Expression Regulation inflammation Oxidative stress |
| Zdroj: | Molecules Molecules, Vol 26, Iss 1252, p 1252 (2021) Volume 26 Issue 5 |
| ISSN: | 1420-3049 |
| Popis: | The purpose of the research was to examine the protective effect of essential oil from Thymus serrulatus Hochst. ex Benth. (TSA oil) against cadmium (Cd)-induced renal toxicity. The experimental protocol was designed using 30 healthy adult Wistar albino rats allocated into five groups containing six animals in each group. Group 1 was treated as normal control and groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were treated with cadmium chloride (CdCl2, 3 mg/kg, IP) for 7 days. Group 3 was also treated with silymarin (100 mg/kg, PO) as a standard group, while groups 4 and 5 were administered with TSA oil at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg PO, respectively. The nephrotoxicity was measured with various parameters such as kidney function markers, oxidative stress markers (glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA)), and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression levels of inflammatory factors. The histological studies were also evaluated in the experimental protocol. The CdCl2-treated groups showed a significant increase in the levels of serum kidney function markers along with MDA levels in kidney homogenate. However, renal GSH level was found to be reduced significantly. It was found that CdCl2 significantly upregulated the nuclear factor levels of kappaB (NF-κB p65), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2) as compared to the normal control group. On the other hand, TSA oil significantly improved the increased levels of serum kidney function markers, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and lipid peroxidation. In addition, TSA oil significantly downregulated the increased expression of NF-κB p65, iNOS, and Smad2 in Cd-intoxicated rats. Moreover, the histological changes in the tissue samples of the kidney of Cd-treated groups were significantly ameliorated in the silymarin- and TSA-oil-treated groups. The present study reveals that TSA oil ameliorates Cd-induced renal injury, and it is also proposed that the observed nephroprotective effect could be due to the antioxidant potential of TSA oil and healing due to its anti-inflammatory action. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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