Genetic variation of naturally growing olive trees in Israel: from abandoned groves to feral and wild?
| Autor: | Ori Fragman-Sapir, Erik Westberg, Arnon Dag, Yizhar Tugendhaft, Zohar Kerem, Nir Hanin, Alexandra Keren-Keiserman, Oz Barazani, Giora Ben-Ari, Joachim W. Kadereit |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
0301 basic medicine Oleaster Population Plant Science Biology 010603 evolutionary biology 01 natural sciences Trees Gene flow 03 medical and health sciences Historical agriculture Olea Botany Genetic variation Israel education Alleles Phylogeny Plant Proteins Genetic diversity education.field_of_study Grafting Cultivated old olive trees var. sylvestris Genetic Variation Sexual reproduction Olive trees 030104 developmental biology Genetic marker Crop domestication Genetic structure Research Article Microsatellite Repeats |
| Zdroj: | BMC Plant Biology |
| ISSN: | 1471-2229 |
| DOI: | 10.1186/s12870-016-0947-5 |
| Popis: | Background Naturally growing populations of olive trees are found in the Mediterranean garrigue and maquis in Israel. Here, we used the Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) genetic marker technique to investigate whether these represent wild var. sylvestris. Leaf samples were collected from a total of 205 trees at six sites of naturally growing olive populations in Israel. The genetic analysis included a multi-locus lineage (MLL) analysis, Rousset’s genetic distances, Fst values, private alleles, other diversity values and a Structure analysis. The analyses also included scions and suckers of old cultivated olive trees, for which the dominance of one clone in scions (MLL1) and a second in suckers (MLL7) had been shown earlier. Results The majority of trees from a Judean Mts. population and from one population from the Galilee showed close genetic similarity to scions of old cultivated trees. Different from that, site-specific and a high number of single occurrence MLLs were found in four olive populations from the Galilee and Carmel which also were genetically more distant from old cultivated trees, had relatively high genetic diversity values and higher numbers of private alleles. Whereas in two of these populations MLL7 (and partly MLL1) were found in low frequency, the two other populations did not contain these MLLs and were very similar in their genetic structure to suckers of old cultivated olive trees that originated from sexual reproduction. Conclusions The genetic distinctness from old cultivated olive trees, particularly of one population from Galilee and one from Carmel, suggests that trees at these sites might represent wild var. sylvestris. The similarity in genetic structure of these two populations with the suckers of old cultivated trees implies that wild trees were used as rootstocks. Alternatively, trees at these two sites may be remnants of old cultivated trees in which the scion-derived trunk died and was replaced by suckers. However, considering landscape and topographic environment at the two sites this second interpretation is less likely. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12870-016-0947-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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