Risk Factors for Loss to Follow-Up among People Who Inject Drugs in a Risk Reduction Program at Karachi, Pakistan. A Case-Cohort Study
| Autor: | Ashraf Memon, Sten H. Vermund, Sharaf Ali Shah, Ajmal Agha, Meridith Blevins, Rab Nawaz Samo, Arshad Altaf, Han-Zhu Qian |
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| Rok vydání: | 2016 |
| Předmět: |
RNA viruses
Male Viral Diseases Pediatrics Epidemiology Social Sciences lcsh:Medicine HIV Infections Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Biochemistry Geographical Locations Drug Users Cohort Studies 0302 clinical medicine Immunodeficiency Viruses Risk Factors Interquartile range Odds Ratio Psychology Medicine Pakistan 030212 general & internal medicine Substance Abuse Intravenous lcsh:Science Prospective cohort study Multidisciplinary Incidence Incidence (epidemiology) 1. No poverty Neurochemistry Addicts AIDS Infectious Diseases Opiates HIV epidemiology Medical Microbiology Viral Pathogens Viruses Cohort Pathogens Neurochemicals 0305 other medical science Research Article Cohort study Adult medicine.medical_specialty Asia HIV prevention Addiction Microbiology Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences Harm Reduction Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Retroviruses Humans Lost to follow-up Microbial Pathogens Demography Medicine and health sciences Preventive medicine 030505 public health business.industry Lentivirus lcsh:R Organisms Biology and Life Sciences HIV Odds ratio medicine.disease Public and occupational health People and Places Lost to Follow-Up lcsh:Q business Neuroscience Follow-Up Studies |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 11, Iss 2, p e0147912 (2016) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Introduction Retention of male people who inject drugs (PWIDs) is a major challenge for harm reduction programs that include sterile needle/syringe exchange in resource-limited settings like Pakistan. We assessed the risk factors for loss to follow-up among male PWIDs enrolled in a risk reduction program in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study among 636 HIV-uninfected male PWIDs enrolled during March-June 2009 in a harm reduction program for the estimation of incidence rate. At 24 months post-enrollment, clients who had dropped out of the program were defined as lost to follow-up and included as cases for case-cohort study. Results The median age of the participants was 29 years (interquartile range: 23–36). Active outreach accounted for 76% (483/636) of cohort recruits. Loss to follow-up at 24 months was 25.5% (162/636). In multivariable logistic regression, younger age (AOR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92–0.99, p = 0.028), clients from other provinces than Sindh (AOR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.01–2.22, p = 0.046), having no formal education (AOR: 3.44, 95% CI: 2.35–4.90, p |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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