Social Support Is Inversely Associated With Sleep Disturbance, Inflammation, and Pain Severity in Chronic Low Back Pain
Autor: | Anitha Saravanan, Herbert L. Mathews, Angela Starkweather, Prempreet Bajaj, Linda Witek Janusek, Dina Tell |
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Rok vydání: | 2021 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Male Sleep Wake Disorders medicine.medical_specialty Psychological intervention Inflammation Severity of Illness Index Social support Quality of life Humans Medicine General Nursing Aged Sleep disorder business.industry Social Support Middle Aged medicine.disease Chronic low back pain Cross-Sectional Studies Pain Clinics Pain severity Physical therapy Female medicine.symptom business Low Back Pain |
Zdroj: | Nursing Research. 70:425-432 |
ISSN: | 1538-9847 0029-6562 |
Popis: | BACKGROUND Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a significant cause of disability, lost wages, and healthcare costs. Inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been associated with LBP severity. Patients with CLBP commonly experience sleep disturbance, and poor sleep has been shown to increase pain severity and inflammation. In contrast, social support may benefit patients with CLBP by reducing pain intensity and inflammation. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of social support on the relationships among sleep disturbance, inflammation, and pain severity in patients with CLBP. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, men and women with CLBP were enrolled from an outpatient pain clinic. Participants completed psychometric instruments for social support, sleep quality, and pain severity. Blood samples were obtained for measurement of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 by enzyme-linked immunoassay. RESULTS Linear regression revealed greater sleep disturbance predicted greater pain severity. In contrast, participants who reported higher social support had lower sleep disturbance and lower pain severity. Mediation analysis revealed sleep disturbance to mediate the relationship between social support and pain, such that sleep disturbance reduced the benefit of social support on pain severity. Furthermore, greater sleep disturbance and lower social support predicted increased IL-6. However, IL-6 did not mediate the relationship between social support and pain. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that increased social support is associated with lower sleep disturbance, lower inflammation, and lower pain severity in patients with CLBP. Assessing the extent of social support and fostering social support as part of a comprehensive pain management program may benefit patients with CLBP. Interventions to strengthen social support systems and cultivate support from family and/or informal social networks may reduce symptom burden and improve quality of life. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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