Longer Duration of Hormonal Contraceptive Use Predicts Better Cognitive Outcomes Later in Life
Autor: | Kelly R. Egan, Carey E. Gleason |
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Rok vydání: | 2012 |
Předmět: |
Adult
Time Factors medicine.medical_treatment Population Neuropsychological Tests Verbal learning Contraceptives Oral Hormonal Cognition Wisconsin Surveys and Questionnaires medicine Humans education Aged Psychiatric Status Rating Scales education.field_of_study Working memory business.industry Age Factors Original Articles General Medicine Middle Aged Verbal Learning Confirmatory factor analysis Contraception Memory Short-Term Premenopause Socioeconomic Factors Transgender hormone therapy Hormonal contraception Female Hormone therapy Factor Analysis Statistical business Psychomotor Performance Clinical psychology |
Zdroj: | Journal of Women's Health. 21:1259-1266 |
ISSN: | 1931-843X 1540-9996 |
Popis: | The cognitive effects of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT) have been studied extensively, but little is known about the relationship between premenopausal hormone use and cognition. Hormonal contraceptive use vs. nonuse may be a potential factor influencing cognitive processes in midlife. The aim of this study is to explore the effect of modification of hormone milieu through use of hormonal contraception in premenopausal women and midlife cognitive function.Subjects were 261 cognitively normal women, aged 40-65 (mean μ=52), enrolled in the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention. All women completed the Women's Health History Questionnaire and a self-report health history questionnaire and were administered a battery of neuropsychologic tests. Cognitive results were analyzed using summary scores for the domains of Verbal Ability, Visuo-spatial Ability, Working Memory, Verbal LearningMemory, and SpeedFlexibility derived using a confirmatory factor analysis.Hormonal contraceptive ever users performed significantly better than never users in the domains of Visuo-spatial Ability (μ=0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.23-1.28, p=0.005) and SpeedFlexibility (μ=0.52, 95% CI -0.16-1.04, p=0.007), with duration-dependent increases in performance, especially in ever users with ≥ 15 years of use.These data provide preliminary evidence that hormonal contraceptive use may influence cognitive outcomes, even years after use is discontinued. Hormonal contraceptive users scored better in domains of Visuo-spatial Ability and SpeedFlexibility than never users, with a duration-dependent trend. Further research is needed to explore the use of hormonal contraceptives to prevent or delay cognitive decline and to clarify the physiologic basis of this phenomenon. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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