How can floor covering influence buildings’ demand flexibility?
| Autor: | Jingjing Liu, Donghun Kim, Mary Ann Piette, Hyeunguk Ahn, Rongxin Yin, Tianzhen Hong |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Technology
Control and Optimization 020209 energy Cooling load Energy Engineering and Power Technology 02 engineering and technology 010501 environmental sciences 01 natural sciences Demand response precooling cooling load Engineering demand response thermal inertia grid-interactive building 0202 electrical engineering electronic engineering information engineering Thermal mass Electrical and Electronic Engineering Engineering (miscellaneous) 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Flexibility (engineering) Global temperature Renewable Energy Sustainability and the Environment business.industry Structural engineering Grid Renewable energy Climate Action Physical Sciences Environmental science business Load shifting Energy (miscellaneous) |
| Zdroj: | Energies, vol 14, iss 12 Energies, Vol 14, Iss 3658, p 3658 (2021) Energies; Volume 14; Issue 12; Pages: 3658 |
| Popis: | Although the thermal mass of floors in buildings has been demonstrated to help shift cooling load, there is still a lack of information about how floor covering can influence the floor’s load shifting capability and buildings’ demand flexibility. To fill this gap, we estimated demand flexibility based on the daily peak cooling load reduction for different floor configurations and regions, using EnergyPlus simulations. As a demand response strategy, we used precooling and global temperature adjustment. The result demonstrated an adverse impact of floor covering on the building’s demand flexibility. Specifically, under the same demand response strategy, the daily peak cooling load reductions were up to 20–34% for a concrete floor whereas they were only 17–29% for a carpet-covered concrete floor. This is because floor covering hinders convective coupling between the concrete floor surface and the zone air and reduces radiative heat transfer between the concrete floor surface and the surrounding environment. In hot climates such as Phoenix, floor covering almost negated the concrete floor’s load shifting capability and yielded low demand flexibility as a wood floor, representing low thermal mass. Sensitivity analyses showed that floor covering’s effects can be more profound with a larger carpet-covered area, a greater temperature adjustment depth, or a higher radiant heat gain. With this effect ignored for a given building, its demand flexibility would be overestimated, which could prevent grid operators from obtaining sufficient demand flexibility to maintain a grid. Our findings also imply that for more efficient grid-interactive buildings, a traditional standard for floor design could be modified with increasing renewable penetration. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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