MRI imaging features of HIV-related central nervous system diseases: diagnosis by pattern recognition in daily practice

Autor: Nobuo Kashiwagi, Tomoko Uehira, Hitoshi Terada, Takuya Fujiwara, Katsuyuki Nakanishi, Noriyuki Tomiyama, Mio Sakai, Hisashi Tanaka, Masahiro Higashi, Takuma Shirasaka
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
Central Nervous System
medicine.medical_treatment
Central nervous system
Encephalopathy
HIV Infections
030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome
Central Nervous System Diseases
Humans
Medicine
Radiology
Nuclear Medicine and imaging
Invited Review
AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
medicine.diagnostic_test
business.industry
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy
HIV
HIV-related central nervous system diseases
Magnetic resonance imaging
Pattern recognition
medicine.disease
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Antiretroviral therapy
AIDS
Radiation therapy
medicine.anatomical_structure
Cryptococcosis
Artificial intelligence
business
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
MRI
Zdroj: Japanese Journal of Radiology
ISSN: 1867-108X
1867-1071
DOI: 10.1007/s11604-021-01150-4
Popis: With the advent of antiretroviral therapy (ART), the prognosis of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has improved, and the frequency of HIV-related central nervous system (CNS) diseases has decreased. Nevertheless, mortality from HIV-related CNS diseases, including those associated with ART (e.g., immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome) remains significant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can improve the outlook for people with HIV through early diagnosis and prompt treatment. For example, HIV encephalopathy shows a diffuse bilateral pattern, whereas progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, HIV-related primary CNS lymphoma, and CNS toxoplasmosis show focal patterns on MRI. Among the other diseases caused by opportunistic infections, CNS cryptococcosis and CNS tuberculosis have extremely poor prognoses unless diagnosed early. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome shows distinct MRI findings from the offending opportunistic infections. Although distinguishing between HIV-related CNS diseases based on imaging alone is difficult, in this review, we discuss how pattern recognition approaches can contribute to their early differentiation.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
Externí odkaz: