Electroanalytical detection of pindolol: comparison of unmodified and reduced graphene oxide modified screen-printed graphite electrodes
| Autor: | Jesús Iniesta, Jamie P. Smith, Craig E. Banks, Jonathan P. Metters, Dale A. C. Brownson, Devaney Ribeiro do Carmo, Loanda R. Cumba |
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| Přispěvatelé: | Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante. Instituto Universitario de Electroquímica, Electroquímica Aplicada y Electrocatálisis |
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Materials science
Inorganic chemistry Oxide Nanotechnology Biosensing Techniques Glassy carbon Electrochemistry Spectrum Analysis Raman Biochemistry Analytical Chemistry law.invention Screen-printed graphite electrodes chemistry.chemical_compound law Limit of Detection medicine Environmental Chemistry Humans Química Física Pindolol Electrodes Spectroscopy Graphene oxide Detection limit Graphene Electroanalytical detection Oxides Electrochemical Techniques Linear range chemistry Electrode Microscopy Electron Scanning Graphite Oxidation-Reduction medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | RUA. Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad de Alicante Universidad de Alicante (UA) |
| ISSN: | 1364-5528 |
| Popis: | Recent work has reported the first electroanalytical detection of pindolol using reduced graphene oxide (RGO) modified glassy carbon electrodes [S. Smarzewska and W. Ciesielski, Anal. Methods, 2014, 6, 5038] where it was reported that the use of RGO provided significant improvements in the electroanalytical signal in comparison to a bare (unmodified) glassy carbon electrode. We demonstrate, for the first time, that the electroanalytical quantification of pindolol is actually possible using bare (unmodified) screen-printed graphite electrodes (SPEs). This paper addresses the electroanalytical determination of pindolol utilising RGO modified SPEs. Surprisingly, it is found that bare (unmodified) SPEs provide superior electrochemical signatures over that of RGO modified SPEs. Consequently the electroanalytical sensing of pindolol is explored at bare unmodified SPEs where a linear range between 0.1 μM–10.0 μM is found to be possible whilst offering a limit of detection (3σ) corresponding to 0.097 μM. This provides a convenient yet analytically sensitive method for sensing pindolol. The optimised electroanalytical protocol using the unmodified SPEs, which requires no pre-treatment (electrode polishing) or electrode modification step (such as with the use of RGO), was then further applied to the determination of pindolol in urine samples. This work demonstrates that the use of RGO modified SPEs have no significant benefits when compared to the bare (unmodified) alternative and that the RGO free electrode surface can provide electro-analytically useful performances. Financial support for this research was supplied by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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