The discriminative stimulus properties of legal, over-the-counter stimulants administered singly and in binary and ternary combinations
| Autor: | Kyle R. Moore, Bradley D. Youngblood, David V. Gauvin, Frank A. Holloway |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1993 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Drug Reinforcement Schedule media_common.quotation_subject medicine.medical_treatment Phenylpropanolamine Pharmacology Cocaine dependence Rats Sprague-Dawley chemistry.chemical_compound Discrimination Psychological Cocaine Caffeine medicine Animals Ephedrine Amphetamine media_common Dose-Response Relationship Drug medicine.disease Rats Stimulant Drug Combinations Generalization Stimulus chemistry Central Nervous System Stimulants Stimulus control Psychology medicine.drug |
| Zdroj: | Psychopharmacology. 110:309-319 |
| ISSN: | 1432-2072 0033-3158 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/bf02251286 |
| Popis: | Ninety-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained in one of seven drug versus saline (SAL) discrimination (DD) tasks under a variable-ratio 5–15 schedule of food-motivated lever press responding. Three groups of rats (n=12/group) were trained to discriminate between one of the legal over-the-counter (OTC) stimulants — caffeine (CAF), ephedrine (EPHED), phenylpropanolamine (PPA), and SAL. Three other groups (n=2/group) were trained to discriminate between one of three binary stimulant combinations — CAF + EPHED, CAF + PPA, EPHED + PPA, and SAL. The seventh group of rats (n=24) was trained to discriminate between SAL and a ternary combination of the OCT stimulants, CAF + EPHED + PPA. Generalization tests were conducted with each of the OTC stimulants and the controlled stimulants — amphetamine (AMPHET) and cocaine (COC). The data suggest: 1) there is cross-generalization between some OTC combinations and controlled stimulants; 2) full generalization between the OTC and controlled stimulants were demonstrated in rats trained to discriminate two of the binary stimulant combinations from SAL; 3) drug mixtures are not perceived as new entities distinct from their component elements; 4) training dose-ratio may influence the characteristics of mixture discriminations; 5) stimulus overshadowing may be a factor determining drug mixture cues, and 6) the DD properties of aggregate drug compounds may function within a euclidean metric space. We propose that some binary OTC stimulant combinations may effectively function as a methadone-like replacement therapy in cocaine dependence. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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