Spatial Distribution Variation and Probabilistic Risk Assessment of Exposure to Fluoride in Ground Water Supplies: A Case Study in an Endemic Fluorosis Region of Northwest Iran
| Autor: | Farzaneh Baghal Asghari, Mahmood Yousefi, Gea Oliveri Conti, Pietro Zuccarello, Aida Ejlali, Margherita Ferrante, Ali Mohammadi |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Fluorosis Dental Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis 0211 other engineering and technologies lcsh:Medicine 02 engineering and technology Iran 010501 environmental sciences Spatial distribution Risk Assessment 01 natural sciences Article Toxicology Fluorides chemistry.chemical_compound Water Supply medicine Humans Child Groundwater risk assessments 0105 earth and related environmental sciences 021110 strategic defence & security studies Health risk assessment Probabilistic risk assessment fluoride spatial distribution Public health lcsh:R drinking water Infant Newborn Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Infant Environmental Exposure Hazard Quotient Hazard quotient Water resources chemistry Child Preschool Environmental science Seasons Risk assessment Fluoride Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Volume 16 Issue 4 International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 16, Iss 4, p 564 (2019) |
| Popis: | Prevalence of fluorosis is a worldwide public health issue, especially in the West Azerbaijan province of Iran. The aim of this study was to investigate fluoride concentration in drinking water resources within Maku city, in both the warm and cold seasons, to perform a health risk assessment. Fluoride were measured using UV-visible spectrophotometry. The spatial distribution was calculated by the software ArcGIS and Hazard Quotients (HQs) were calculated according to the US EPA method. The fluoride concentrations ranged between 0.29 to 6.68 and 0.1 to 11.4 mg/L in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. Based on this report, 30.64 and 48.15% of the samples revealed a fluoride level higher than the permissible level in the cold and warm seasons, respectively. Moreover, results showed that the HQ value in the warm season for different age groups was higher than the HQ value in the cold season. In both seasons, the non-carcinogenic risks of fluoride for the four exposed populations varied according to the order: children > teenagers > adults > infants. The HQ values for three age groups (children, teenager and adults) for both seasons were higher than 1 with a high risk of fluorosis. The results of this study, support the requests that government authorities better manage water supplies to improve health quality. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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