Leishmania tarentolae and Leishmania infantum in humans, dogs and cats in the Pelagie archipelago, southern Italy

Autor: Antonio Cascio, Emanuele Brianti, Maria Stefania Latrofa, Roberta Iatta, Simona Gabrielli, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Marco Pombi, Domenico Otranto
Přispěvatelé: Iatta R., Mendoza-Roldan J.A., Latrofa M.S., Cascio A., Brianti E., Pombi M., Gabrielli S., Otranto D.
Jazyk: angličtina
Rok vydání: 2021
Předmět:
dogs
real-time polymerase chain reaction
RC955-962
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
Serology
Medical Conditions
western
Zoonoses
Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine
italy
middle aged
Medicine and Health Sciences
80 and over
adult
aged
aged
80 and over
animals
blotting
western
cat diseases
cats
dog diseases
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
female
humans
leishmaniasis
visceral
male
prevalence
public health
serologic tests
sicily
surveys and questionnaires
young adult
leishmania infantum
Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays
Aged
80 and over
Protozoans
Leishmania
Mammals
CATS
medicine.diagnostic_test
biology
Eukaryota
blotting
visceral
Infectious Diseases
Vertebrates
Leishmaniasis
Visceral
Leishmania infantum
Antibody
Dog Disease
Public aspects of medicine
RA1-1270
Human
Research Article
Neglected Tropical Diseases
Blotting
Western
Immunofluorescence
Research and Analysis Methods
Surveys and Questionnaires
parasitic diseases
medicine
Parasitic Diseases
Immunoassays
leishmaniasis
Protozoan Infections
Animal
Public Health
Environmental and Occupational Health
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
Leishmaniasis
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Cat Disease
Tropical Diseases
Virology
Parasitic Protozoans
Visceral leishmaniasis
Amniotes
biology.protein
Immunologic Techniques
Zoology
Zdroj: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 9, p e0009817 (2021)
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
ISSN: 1935-2735
1935-2727
Popis: Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) caused by Leishmania infantum is endemic in the Mediterranean basin with most of the infected human patients remaining asymptomatic. Recently, the saurian-associated Leishmania tarentolae was detected in human blood donors and in sheltered dogs. The circulation of L. infantum and L. tarentolae was investigated in humans, dogs and cats living in the Pelagie islands (Sicily, Italy) by multiple serological and molecular testing. Human serum samples (n = 346) were tested to assess the exposure to L. infantum by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot (WB) and to L. tarentolae by IFAT. Meanwhile, sera from dogs (n = 149) and cats (n = 32) were tested for both Leishmania species by IFAT and all blood samples, including those of humans, by specific sets of real time-PCR for L. infantum and L. tarentolae. The agreement between serological tests performed for human samples, and between serological and molecular diagnostic techniques for both human and animal samples were also assessed. Overall, 41 human samples (11.8%, 95% CI: 8.9–15.7) were positive to L. infantum (5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3–8.1), L. tarentolae (5.2%, 95% CI: 3.3–8.1) and to both species (1.4%, 95% CI: 0.6–3.3) by serology and/or molecular tests. A good agreement among the serological tests was determined. Both Leishmania spp. were serologically and/or molecularly detected in 39.6% dogs and 43.7% cats. In addition to L. infantum, also L. tarentolae circulates in human and animal populations, raising relevant public health implications. Further studies should investigate the potential beneficial effects of L. tarentolae in the protection against L. infantum infection.
Author summary Leishmania infantum is the major agent of canine and human leishmaniasis being endemic throughout the Mediterranean basin, including Italy. The protozoan is transmitted through the bite of infected phlebotomine sand flies mainly represented by the species Phlebotomus perniciosus and Phlebotomus perfiliewi as proven vectors in Italy. The sand fly fauna in this country includes, among others Sergentomyia minuta, considered herpetophilic vectors of Leishmania tarentolae. This species non-pathogenic to mammalians has recently been detected in human blood donors and in sheltered dogs. Our data demonstrate the occurrence of both L. infantum and L. tarentolae in humans and animal population living in leishmaniasis endemic area opening new perspectives into the study of this human disease. Therefore, the ecology of L. tarentolae highlights the need of a more comprehensive study on the spread of this parasite and on its potential beneficial role in public health through a cross-protection that could occur against pathogenic Leishmania spp. when L. tarentolae occurs in sympatry.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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