Auditory hallucinations: Expectation–perception model
| Autor: | Mike D. Hunter, J.M. Nazimek, Peter W.R. Woodruff |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Neurotransmitter Agents
medicine.medical_specialty Hallucinations media_common.quotation_subject Thalamus Prefrontal Cortex Mismatch negativity General Medicine Audiology medicine.disease Auditory cortex Models Biological medicine.anatomical_structure Schizophrenia Cortex (anatomy) Perception medicine Humans Percept Prefrontal cortex Psychology Auditory Diseases Central Cognitive psychology media_common |
| Zdroj: | Medical Hypotheses. 78:802-810 |
| ISSN: | 0306-9877 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.03.014 |
| Popis: | In this paper, we aimed to present a hypothesis that would explain the mechanism of auditory hallucinations, one of the main symptoms of schizophrenia. We propose that auditory hallucinations arise from abnormalities in the predictive coding which underlies normal perception, specifically, from the absence or attenuation of prediction error. The suggested deficiencies in processing prediction error could arise from (1) abnormal modulation of thalamus by prefrontal cortex, (2) absence or impaired transmission of external input, (3) dysfunction of the auditory and association cortex, (4) neurotransmitter dysfunction and abnormal connectivity, and (5) hyperactivity activity in auditory cortex and broad prior probability. If there is no prediction error, the initially vague prior probability develops into an explicit percept in the absence of external input, as a result of a recursive pathological exchange between auditory and prefrontal cortex. Unlike existing explanations of auditory hallucinations, we propose concrete mechanisms which underlie the imbalance between perceptual expectation and external input. Impaired processing of prediction error is reflected in reduced mismatch negativity and increased tendency to report non-existing meaningful language stimuli in white noise, shown by those suffering from auditory hallucinations. We believe that the expectation–perception model of auditory hallucinations offers a comprehensive explanation of the underpinnings of auditory hallucinations in both patients and those not diagnosed with mental illness. Therefore, our hypothesis has the potential to fill the gaps in the existing knowledge about this distressing phenomenon and contribute to improved effectiveness of treatments, targeting specific mechanisms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
| Externí odkaz: |
|
Full Text from ScienceDirect