Characterization of gut contractility and microbiota in patients with severe chronic constipation

Autor: Anastasiia A Arzamastseva, Marat U Shafigullin, Guzel F. Sitdikova, Maria I. Markelova, Ilnar F. Shaidullov, Oleg Yu. Karpukhin, Kirill A. Sakulin, Tatiana V. Grigoryeva, D. R. Yarullina
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
0301 basic medicine
Male
Muscle Physiology
Physiology
Gut flora
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
law.invention
Probiotic
0302 clinical medicine
law
Lactobacillus
Medicine and Health Sciences
Multidisciplinary
biology
Megacolon
Genomics
Middle Aged
Classification
medicine.anatomical_structure
Medical Microbiology
Medicine
030211 gastroenterology & hepatology
Female
Roseburia
Anatomy
Muscle Contraction
Research Article
Adult
Firmicutes
Colon
Science
Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Microbial Genomics
Microbiology
Descending colon
03 medical and health sciences
Young Adult
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnostic Medicine
medicine
Genetics
Humans
Microbiome
Aged
Bacteria
Gut Bacteria
Organisms
Biology and Life Sciences
biology.organism_classification
medicine.disease
Gastrointestinal Microbiome
Gastrointestinal Tract
030104 developmental biology
Chronic Disease
Bifidobacterium
Constipation
Digestive System
Zdroj: PLoS ONE
PLoS ONE, Vol 15, Iss 7, p e0235985 (2020)
ISSN: 1932-6203
Popis: Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Its pathogenesis, however, remains largely unclear. The purpose of the present work was to gain an insight into the role of contractility and microbiota in the etiology of CC. To this end, we studied spontaneous and evoked contractile activity of descending colon segments from patients that have undergone surgery for refractory forms of CC. The juxta-mucosal microbiota of these colon samples were characterized with culture-based and 16S rRNA sequencing techniques. In patients with CC the spontaneous colonic motility remained unchanged compared to the control group without dysfunction of intestinal motility. Moreover, contractions induced by potassium chloride and carbachol were increased in both circular and longitudinal colonic muscle strips, thus indicating preservation of contractile apparatus and increased sensitivity to cholinergic nerve stimulation in the constipated intestine. In the test group, the gut microbiota composition was assessed as being typically human, with four dominant bacterial phyla, namely Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, as well as usual representation of the most prevalent gut bacterial genera. Yet, significant inter-individual differences were revealed. The phylogenetic diversity of gut microbiota was not affected by age, sex, or colonic anatomy (dolichocolon, megacolon). The abundance of butyrate-producing genera Roseburia, Coprococcus, and Faecalibacterium was low, whereas conventional probiotic genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria were not decreased in the gut microbiomes of the constipated patients. As evidenced by our study, specific microbial biomarkers for constipation state are absent. The results point to a probable role played by the overall gut microbiota at the functional level. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive characterization of CC pathogenesis, finding lack of disruption of motor activity of colonic smooth muscle cells and insufficiency of particular members of gut microbiota usually implicated in CC.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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