An Aquatic Toxicological Evaluation of Fenthion in the Context of Finch Control in South Africa
| Autor: | E. Truter, Dirk J. Roux, Phillip L. Kempster, Sebastian Jooste |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 1995 |
| Předmět: |
Insecticides
Oreochromis mossambicus Carps Chromatography Gas food.ingredient Health Toxicology and Mutagenesis Fresh Water Context (language use) Daphnia pulex Toxicology South Africa chemistry.chemical_compound food Species Specificity Animals Tissue Distribution Fenthion Dose-Response Relationship Drug biology Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Ceriodaphnia dubia Tilapia General Medicine biology.organism_classification Pollution Pulex Daphnia chemistry Female Avicide Water Pollutants Chemical |
| Zdroj: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 31:164-172 |
| ISSN: | 0147-6513 |
| DOI: | 10.1006/eesa.1995.1058 |
| Popis: | Queletox, containing fenthion as active ingredient, is the avicide formulation used in South Africa to control red-billed finches ( Quelea quelea ). Control measures involve night spraying of roosting areas with a light aircraft. Since roosting areas often include reedbeds along riversides and on islands, proper control is difficult without exposing the aquatic environment to some risk of contamination. This study tested the acute effects of fenthion, in association with the queletox formulation, on the cladocerans Daphnia pulex and Ceriodaphnia dubia and the fish species Poecilia reticulata , Tilapia rendalli , Cyprinus carpio , and Oreochromis mossambicus . The chronic effects of fenthion on D. pulex were evaluated in a 14-day reproduction test. Mean 48-hr LC 50 values estimated for D. pulex and C. dubia were 1.30 and 1.72 μg liter −1 respectively. For the fish estimated 96-hr LC 50 values were as follows: 2.12 ( P. reticulata ), 2.53 ( C. carpio ), 2.92 ( T. rendalli ) and 1.71 mg liter −1 ( O. mossambicus ). In the chronic test reproduction of the exposed population was stimulated at the lowest two fenthion concentrations (0.1 and 0.6 ng liter −1 ), while reproductive impairment was recorded at concentrations varying from 1 to 10 ng liter −1 . Concentrations of fenthion measured in dams after spraying are given to indicate the levels of contamination that may occur. QSAR was used to estimate the toxicity of some fenthion metabolites. The results of this study reveal that fenthion, at the concentrations occurring in the environment after aerial spraying, can have marked effects on the survival and reproduction of D. pulex for long periods after spraying. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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