The molecular mechanisms of listeriolysin O-induced lipid membrane damage
| Autor: | Nejc Petrišič, Mirijam Kozorog, Gregor Anderluh, Marjetka Podobnik, Saša Aden |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Bacterial Toxins
Biophysics Virulence Cholesterol-dependent cytolysin medicine.disease_cause Biochemistry 03 medical and health sciences Hemolysin Proteins Membrane Lipids Listeria monocytogenes Bacterial Proteins Phagosomes medicine Heat-Shock Proteins 030304 developmental biology Phagosome 0303 health sciences Pore-forming toxin 030306 microbiology Chemistry Protein Stability Listeriolysin O Cell Biology Cell biology Cytosol Cholesterol Type C Phospholipases Intracellular Protein Binding |
| Zdroj: | Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes. 1863(7) |
| ISSN: | 1879-2642 |
| Popis: | Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular food-borne pathogen that causes listeriosis, a severe and potentially life-threatening disease. Listeria uses a number of virulence factors to proliferate and spread to various cells and tissues. In this process, three bacterial virulence factors, the pore-forming protein listeriolysin O and phospholipases PlcA and PlcB, play a crucial role. Listeriolysin O belongs to a family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins that are mostly expressed by gram-positive bacteria. Its unique structural features in an otherwise conserved three-dimensional fold, such as the acidic triad and proline-glutamate-serine-threonine-like sequence, enable the regulation of its intracellular activity as well as distinct extracellular functions. The stability of listeriolysin O is pH- and temperature-dependent, and this provides another layer of control of its activity in cells. Moreover, many recent studies have demonstrated a unique mechanism of pore formation by listeriolysin O, i.e., the formation of arc-shaped oligomers that can subsequently fuse to form membrane defects of various shapes and sizes. During listerial invasion of host cells, these membrane defects can disrupt phagosome membranes, allowing bacteria to escape into the cytosol and rapidly multiply. The activity of listeriolysin O is profoundly dependent on the amount and accessibility of cholesterol in the lipid membrane, which can be modulated by the phospholipase PlcB. All these prominent features of listeriolysin O play a role during different stages of the L. monocytogenes life cycle by promoting the proliferation of the pathogen while mitigating excessive damage to its replicative niche in the cytosol of the host cell. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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