Blended Refuge and Insect Resistance Management for Insecticidal Corn
| Autor: | Clinton D Pilcher, Amit Sethi, David W. Onstad, Philip Crain, Stephen D. Thompson, Andre L. B. Crespo, Zaiqi Pan |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Insecticides Insecta media_common.quotation_subject Bacillus thuringiensis Transgenic Plants and Insects Insect Moths Zea mays 01 natural sciences Ostrinia Insecticide Resistance seed mixture Hemolysin Proteins Bacterial Proteins Animals seed blend Pest Control Biological Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics media_common Genetically modified maize Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins Ecology Resistance (ecology) biology Agroforestry business.industry Plants Genetically Modified biology.organism_classification Coleoptera Endotoxins 010602 entomology Agriculture Insect Science refuge IPM Helicoverpa zea PEST analysis Bt corn business 010606 plant biology & botany |
| Zdroj: | Environmental Entomology |
| ISSN: | 1938-2936 0046-225X |
| Popis: | In this review, we evaluate the intentional mixing or blending of insecticidal seed with refuge seed for managing resistance by insects to insecticidal corn (Zea mays). We first describe the pest biology and farming practices that will contribute to weighing trade-offs between using block refuges and blended refuges. Case studies are presented to demonstrate how the trade-offs will differ in different systems. We compare biological aspects of several abstract models to guide the reader through the history of modeling, which has played a key role in the promotion or denigration of blending in various scientific debates about insect resistance management for insecticidal crops. We conclude that the use of blended refuge should be considered on a case-by-case basis after evaluation of insect biology, environment, and farmer behavior. For Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, Ostrinia nubilalis, and Helicoverpa zea in the United States, blended refuge provides similar, if not longer, delays in the evolution of resistance compared to separate block refuges. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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