Paper money and coins as potential vectors of transmissible disease
| Autor: | Adel Galal El-Shemi, Muhammad Yasir, Emmanouil Angelakis, Ahmed K. Al-Ghamdi, Fehmida Bibi, Didier Raoult, Ahmad M. Ashshi, Esam I. Azhar |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Microbiology (medical)
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Paper Rotavirus Numismatics Salmonella Rhinovirus Food Handling Orthomyxoviridae medicine.disease_cause Microbiology Communicable Diseases medicine Disease Transmission Infectious Escherichia coli Humans Cross Infection biology Norovirus Environmental exposure Bacterial Infections Environmental Exposure biology.organism_classification Virology Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Currency Virus Diseases Fomites Hepatitis A virus |
| Zdroj: | Future microbiology. 9(2) |
| ISSN: | 1746-0921 |
| Popis: | ABSTRACT: Paper currency and coins may be a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food and could lead to the spread of nosocomial infections. Banknotes recovered from hospitals may be highly contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella species, Escherichia coli and S. aureus are commonly isolated from banknotes from food outlets. Laboratory simulations revealed that methicillin-resistant S. aureus can easily survive on coins, whereas E. coli, Salmonella species and viruses, including human influenza virus, Norovirus, Rhinovirus, hepatitis A virus, and Rotavirus, can be transmitted through hand contact. Large-scale, 16S rRNA, metagenomic studies and culturomics have the capacity to dramatically expand the known diversity of bacteria and viruses on money and fomites. This review summarizes the latest research on the potential of paper currency and coins to serve as sources of pathogenic agents. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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