Macrophage/foam cell is an attribute of inflammation: Mechanisms of formation and functional role
| Autor: | M. I. Dushkin |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Inflammation
Receptors Scavenger Macrophages Macrophage polarization Lipid metabolism General Medicine Biology Lipid Metabolism Biochemistry Cell biology Immunology medicine Animals Humans Macrophage lipids (amino acids peptides and proteins) Signal transduction Scavenger receptor medicine.symptom Liver X receptor Foam Cells Signal Transduction Foam cell |
| Zdroj: | Biochemistry (Moscow). 77:327-338 |
| ISSN: | 1608-3040 0006-2979 |
| DOI: | 10.1134/s0006297912040025 |
| Popis: | Transformation of macrophages into foam cells is traditionally considered in the context of atherogenesis, because lipid accumulation is believed to be a consequence of uptake of oxidized low density lipoproteins (oxLDL) through scavenger receptors (SR) of macrophages. However, an excessive uptake of oxLDL is recently shown to trigger compensatory mechanisms of cholesterol elimination from macrophages. Maintaining the lipid homeostasis in macrophages is mediated by regulation of a system of lipid sensors, which is reprogrammed under conditions of inflammation leading to formation of foam cell phenotype without involvement of SR. The increase in the inflammatory potential on macrophage polarization into the M1 phenotype is associated with suppression of LXR and PPAR, their target genes, induction of expression of genes responsible for fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism controlled by SREBP1c and SREBP2, proteins associated with lipid inclusions, macropinocytosis activation, secretion of LXR and PPAR endogenous ligands, and development of apoptosis. In this review the role of foam cells in development and resolution of acute inflammation, mechanisms of their formation from macrophages infected by some bacterial and virus pathogens causing chronic inflammation, and the significance of LXR and PPAR as therapeutic targets in chronic infectious and inflammatory diseases are also discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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