On the Organizing Role of Nonmuscular Forces During Performance of a Giant Circle in Gymnastics
| Autor: | Reinoud J. Bootsma, Violaine Sevrez, Guillaume Rao, Eric Berton |
|---|---|
| Přispěvatelé: | Institut des Sciences du Mouvement Etienne Jules Marey (ISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU) |
| Rok vydání: | 2012 |
| Předmět: |
Male
musculoskeletal diseases Engineering coordination Inertial frame of reference Adolescent Gymnastics Shoulders Biophysics open-chain movement Kinematics Inverse dynamics Weight-Bearing Young Adult 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Task Performance and Analysis Humans Torque Computer Simulation Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Postural Balance Joint (geology) Simulation Muscle force [SDV.NEU.PC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC]/Psychology and behavior Shoulder Joint business.industry Rehabilitation [SPI.MECA.BIOM]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Mechanics [physics.med-ph]/Biomechanics [physics.med-ph] 030229 sport sciences Structural engineering additional loads simulation Biomechanical Phenomena Hip Joint business human activities 030217 neurology & neurosurgery Gravitation |
| Zdroj: | ResearcherID Journal of Applied Biomechanics Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2012, 28 (1), pp.57-62. ⟨10.1123/jab.28.1.57⟩ Journal of Applied Biomechanics, Human Kinetics, 2012, 28 (1), pp.57-62. ⟨10.1123/jab.28.1.57⟩ |
| ISSN: | 1543-2688 1065-8483 |
| DOI: | 10.1123/jab.28.1.57 |
| Popis: | International audience; Five elite gymnasts performed giant circles on the high bar under different conditions of loading (without and with 6-kg loads attached to the shoulders, waist or ankles). Comparing the gymnasts' kinematic pattern of movement with that of a triple-pendulum moving under the sole influence of nonmuscular forces revealed qualitative similarities, including the adoption of an arched position during the downswing and a piked position during the upswing. The structuring role of nonmuscular forces in the organization of movement was further reinforced by the results of an inverse dynamics analysis, assessing the contributions of gravitational, inertial and muscular components to the net joint torques. Adding loads at the level of the shoulders, waist or ankles systematically influenced movement kinematics and net joint torques. However, with the loads attached at the level of the shoulders or waist, the load-induced changes in gravitational and inertial torques provided the required increase in net joint torque, thereby allowing the muscular torques to remain unchanged. With the loads attached at the level of the ankles, this was no longer the case and the gymnasts increased the muscular torques at the shoulder and hip joints. Together, these results demonstrate that expert gymnasts skillfully exploit the operative nonmuscular forces, employing muscle force only in the capacity of complementary forces needed to perform the task. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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