The traditional drug Gongjin-Dan ameliorates chronic fatigue in a forced-stress mouse exercise model
| Autor: | Chang-Gue Son, Hye Won Lee, Sung-Shin Hong, Ji-young Lee, Bongki Park, Hyeong-Geug Kim, Jin-Seok Lee, Samkeun Lee |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2015 |
| Předmět: |
Male
Serotonin medicine.medical_specialty Epinephrine Nitric Oxide medicine.disease_cause Proinflammatory cytokine chemistry.chemical_compound Stress Physiological Corticosterone Physical Conditioning Animal Internal medicine Drug Discovery Animals Medicine Lactic Acid Treadmill Muscle Skeletal Fatigue Pharmacology Aldehydes Electroshock Mice Inbred BALB C Behavior Animal Plant Extracts business.industry Brain Membrane Proteins Skeletal muscle Malondialdehyde Ascorbic acid Oxidative Stress medicine.anatomical_structure Endocrinology chemistry Physical therapy Cytokines Reactive Oxygen Species business Glycogen Heme Oxygenase-1 Oxidative stress |
| Zdroj: | Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 168:268-278 |
| ISSN: | 0378-8741 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.001 |
| Popis: | Ethnopharmacological relevance Gongjin-Dan is a representative traditional Oriental medicine herbal drug that has been used to treat chronic fatigue symptoms for several hundred years. We evaluated the anti-fatigue effects of Gongjin-Dan and the underlying mechanisms in a chronic forced exercise mouse model. Methods and materials Balb/C male mice underwent an extreme treadmill-based running stress (1-h, 5 days/week), and daily oral administration of distilled water, Gongjin-Dan (100, 200, or 400 mg/kg), or ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) for 28 days. The anti-fatigue effects of Gongjin-Dan were evaluated with behavioral tests (exercise tolerance and swimming tests), and the corresponding mechanisms were investigated based on oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokine and stress hormone levels in skeletal muscle, sera, and brain tissue. Results Gongjin-Dan significantly increased exercise tolerance and latency times but reduced the number of electric shocks and immobilization time on the treadmill running and swimming tests, compared with the control group. Gongjin-Dan also significantly ameliorated alterations in oxidative stress-related biomarkers (reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde), inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and interferon-γ) and glycogen and l -lactate levels in skeletal muscle, compared with those in the control group. Moreover, Gongjin-Dan considerably normalized the forced running stress-induced changes in serum corticosterone and adrenaline levels, as well as brain serotonin level. These antioxidant and anti-stress effects of Gongjin-Dan were supported by the results of Western blotting (4-hydroxynonenal and heme oxygenase-1) and the gene expression levels (serotonin receptor and serotonin transporter). Conclusion These results support the clinical relevance of Gongjin-Dan regarding anti-chronic fatigue properties. The underlying mechanisms involve attenuation of oxidative and inflammatory reactions in muscle and regulation of the stress response through the hypothalmo-pituitary-adrenal axis. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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