Planning for sustainable livelihood development in the context of rural South Africa: A micro-level approach

Autor: Carel Schoeman, Menini Gibbens
Rok vydání: 2020
Předmět:
Zdroj: Town and Regional Planning, Volume: 76, Pages: 14-28, Published: 2020
Town and Regional Planning, Vol 76, Iss 0, Pp 14-28 (2020)
ISSN: 2415-0495
1012-280X
DOI: 10.18820/2415-0495/trp76i1.2
Popis: In South Africa, different spheres of government (national, provincial and municipal) have different responsibilities with respect to rural planning and development. Rural development strategies, however, are predominately developed by national and provincial government (centralised planning) such as, for example, the 2009 Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) and the 2018 draft National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF). These efforts from different spheres of the South African government are nevertheless still not having the desired effect in the development of sustainable rural livelihoods, according to the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform, similar to policies and efforts to implement them elsewhere in Africa. In addition to the appropriate planning and implementation scale, the spatial dimension of rural livelihood within the South African context also requires a specific understanding of the extreme differentiation of areas within 'rural South Africa'. Research regarding the impact of planning at village level (micro-level), as presented in this article, may provide valuable insights for realising sustainable rural livelihoods. This article aims, through an analysis of relevant literature, to examine the sustainable development discourse, in general, while addressing sustainable rural livelihoods and micro-level planning, in particular. The main research question concerns the way in which micro-level planning can contribute to ensuring sustainable rural livelihoods in South Africa. The article also discusses the complexity of 'rural' space and its understanding in the development planning framework of South Africa, providing the spatial context for sustainable rural livelihoods. Examples of micro-level planning approaches in Africa and South Africa are discussed to elucidate their applicability to sustainable rural livelihood development in South Africa. In conclusion, the analysis reveals that, while centralist policies are pursued in South Africa to support sustainable rural development, the actual realisation of sustainable rural livelihoods may well require micro-level development planning strategies. The implication for academics, planning professionals and politicians is that the support and development of microlevel sustainable rural livelihood planning should be pursued to attain the goals of the National Development Plan (2012) of eliminating poverty and to encourage citizens to be active in their own development. In Suid-Afrika het verskillende regeringsfere (nasionaal, provinsiaal en munisipaal) verskillende verantwoor-delikhede ten opsigte van landelike beplanning en ontwikkeling. Landelike ontwikkelingstrategieë word egter oorwegend ontwikkel deur die nasionale en provinsiale regering (gesentraliseerde beplanning), soos byvoorbeeld die Omvattende Landelike Ontwikkelingsprogram (2009) en die konsep Nasionale Ruimtelike Ontwikkelingsraamwerk (2018). Hierdie werksaamhede van die verskillende regeringsfere het egter steeds nie die gewenste uitwerking op die ontwikkeling van volhoubare landelike lewensbestaan nie, aldus die Departement van Landelike Ontwikkeling en Grondhervorming, soortgelyk aan beleid en pogings om dit elders in Afrika te implementeer. Benewens die tersaaklike beplanning en implementeringskaal met betrekking tot die ontwikkeling van landelike lewensbronne, is dit ook noodsaaklik om 'n begrip te hê van die aansienlike onderskeid tussen verskillende 'landelike' gebiede in Suid-Afrika. Navorsing betreffende die trefkrag wat mikrovlakbeplanning kan hê om die gewenste ruimtelike ontwikkeling teweeg te bring, soos in hierdie artikel vervat, kan waardevolle insigte bied om volhoubare landelike lewensbronne te verwesenlik in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks. Die doel van hierdie artikel is dus om ' bondige beskrywing van die begrip 'volhoubare ontwikkeling' te verskaf en voortvloeiend daaruit die ontwikkeling van die volhoubare lewensbronbegrip, asook ' bespreking van mikrovlakbeplanning, deur middel van 'n analise van toepaslike literatuur. Die belangrikste navorsings-vraag wat hier oorweeg word, is die wyse waarop mikrovlakbeplanning kan bydra tot volhoubare landelike lewensbronontwikkeling in Suid-Afrika. Die ingewikkelde aard van die Suid-Afrikaanse landelike ruimte word onder die loep geneem en hoe dit beskou word in die Suid-Afrikaanse ontwikkelingsbeplanningsraamwerk van Suid-Afrika, om sodoende die ruimtelike konteks vir volhoubare landelike lewensbronne te verskaf. Voorbeelde van mikrovlakbeplanningsbenaderings in Afrika en Suid-Afrika word vervolgens bespreek om die toepaslikheid van hierdie benadering vir volhoubare landelike lewensbronne in Suid-Afrika toe te lig. Ten slotte wys die ontleding daarop dat, hoewel daar hoofsaaklik 'n sentralistiese beleid in Suid-Afrika gevolg word om volhoubare landelike ontwikkeling te ondersteun, die verwesenl iking van volhoubare landelike lewensbronne waarskynlik afhanklik is van mikrovlakbeplanningstrategieë. Vir akademici, beplanners en politici behels dit dat daar daadwerklike pogings aangewend moet word om die mikrovlakontwikkeling van volhoubare landelike lewensbronne te ondersteun om sodoende die doelstellings van die Nasionale Ontwikkelingsplan (2012) te bereik, naamlik die uitwis van armoede en om mense aan te moedig om aktiewe deelnemers te wees aan hul eie ontwikkeling. Naheng ea Afrika Borwa, mekhahlelo e fapaneng ea mmuso (ea naha, ea liprofinse le ea masepala) e na le maikarabello a fapaneng mabapi le thero le nts'etsopele ea mahaeng. Le ha hole joalo, hangata maano a nts'etsopele ea mahaeng a etsoa ke mmuso oa naha le oa provense, mehlala ke Comprehensive Rural Development Programme (CRDP) ea 2009 le National Spatial Development Framework (NSDF) ea 2018. Ho latela Lefapha la Nts'etsopele ea Libaka tsa Mahae le Phetoho ea Mobu (DRDLR), boiteko bona bo tsoang makaleng a fapaneng a mmuso oa Afrika Boroa bo ntse bo sa fihlele litabatabelo tsa ntlafatso ea mekhoa ea boipheliso mahaeng, eleng bothata bo tshweroeng ke linaha tse ling tsa Afrika. Kaholimo ho thero le tekanyo ea tshebetso e nepahetseng, tikoloho ea boipheliso mahaeng kahare ho Afrika Borwa e hloka kutlwisiso e ikhethang ea phapang e pharalletseng ea libaka tsa 'mahaeng a Afrika Boroa'. Lipatlisiso tsa boithuto mabapi le tshusumetso ea thero maemong a mahaeng (tekanyo e tlase), joalo ka ha ho hlahisitsoe sengoliloeng sena, e ka fana ka leseli la bohlokoa ba ho hlokomela mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea boipheliso mahaeng. Ka tlhahlobo ea lingoloa tse amehang, sengoliloeng sena se rerile ho hlahloba nts'etsopele e tsitsitseng ka kakaretso, ha ka hlakoreng le leng e lekola mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea boipheliso mahaeng le thero ea tekanyo e tlase. Potso ea sehlooho e mabapi le kamoo thero ea tekanyo e tlase e ka kenyang letsoho ho netefatsa mekhoa ea boipheliso tikolohong ea mahaeng a Afrika Boroa. Sengoliloeng sena se boetse se bua ka ho rarahana ha sebaka sa 'mahaeng' le kutloisiso ea sona ketsong ea meralo ea nts'etsopele Afrika Boroa, se bile se fana ka maemo a tikoloho ea boipheliso bo tsitsitseng mahaeng. Mehlala ea thero ea tekanyo e tlase ea meralo Afrika le Afrika Boroa e tsohloa ho hlakisa tsebeliso ea eona mabapi le bophelo bo botle ba mahaeng Afrika Boroa. Qetellong, boithuto bona bo senola hore, le ha maano a bohareng a ntse a phetoa Afrika Boroa ho ts'ehetsa nts'etsopele ea mahaeng, ho fihlella mekhoa e tsitsitseng ea bophelo ba mahaeng ho hloka maano a kenyelelitseng thero e tekanyo e tlase ea nts'etsopele. Ka baka lena, barutehi, litsebi tsa meralo le bo-ralipolotiki ba lokela ho ts'ehetsa le ho nts'etsapele thero ea tekanyetso e tlase ea boipheliso ba mahaeng, mme ba e latelle ho fihlela sepheo sa Morero oa Ntshetsopele ea Naha oa 2012 (NDP) sa ho felisa bofuma le ho khothaletsa baahi ho ba mafolofolo ntlafatsong ea bona.
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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