Spatial variability of phytoplankton in a shallow tidal freshwater system reveals complex controls on abundance and community structure
| Autor: | Kurt D. Carpenter, Bryan D. Downing, James L. Orlando, Carol Kendall, Frances P. Wilkerson, Elizabeth B. Stumpner, Alexander E. Parker, Brian A. Bergamaschi, Michael C. Murrell, Richard C. Dugdale, Tamara E.C. Kraus |
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| Rok vydání: | 2020 |
| Předmět: |
Food Chain
Environmental Engineering 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences Nitrogen Fresh Water 010501 environmental sciences Residence time (fluid dynamics) 01 natural sciences Water Quality Ammonium Compounds Phytoplankton Environmental Chemistry Waste Management and Disposal Ecosystem 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Diatoms geography geography.geographical_feature_category Chlorophyll A Community structure Estuary Pelagic zone Pollution Oceanography Productivity (ecology) Environmental science San Francisco Spatial variability Water quality Estuaries Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. 700:134392 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134392 |
| Popis: | Estuaries worldwide are undergoing changes to patterns of aquatic productivity because of human activities that alter flow, impact sediment delivery and thus the light field, and contribute nutrients and contaminants like pesticides and metals. These changes can influence phytoplankton communities, which in turn can alter estuarine food webs. We used multiple approaches-including high-resolution water quality mapping, synoptic sampling, productivity and nitrogen uptake rates, Lagrangian parcel tracking, enclosure experiments and bottle incubations-over a short time period to take a “spatial snapshot” of conditions in the northern region of the San Francisco Estuary (California, USA) to examine how environmental drivers like light availability, nutrients, water residence time, and contaminants affect phytoplankton abundance and community attributes like size distribution, taxonomic structure, and nutrient uptake rates. Zones characterized by longer residence time (15–60 days) had higher chlorophyll-a concentrations (9 ± 4 µg L−1) and were comprised primarily of small phytoplankton cells ( 5 µm) cells considered important to pelagic food webs. Rather, longer residence time zones had a phytoplankton community comprised primarily of small cells, particularly picocyanobacteria that made up 38 ± 17% of the chlorophyll-a – nearly double the concentration seen in shorter residence time zones (22 ± 7% picocyanobacterial of chlorophyll-a). Our results suggest that water residence time in estuaries may have an effect as large or larger than that experimentally demonstrated for light, contaminants, or nutrients. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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