Innate Immune Response of Oral and Foreskin Keratinocytes: Utilization of Different Signaling Pathways by Various Bacterial Species
Autor: | Whasun O. Chung, Beverly A. Dale |
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Rok vydání: | 2004 |
Předmět: |
Keratinocytes
Male beta-Defensins MAP Kinase Kinase 4 Immunology Gingiva medicine.disease_cause p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Microbiology Immune system medicine Humans Enzyme Inhibitors Porphyromonas gingivalis Cells Cultured Skin Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases Host Response and Inflammation Innate immune system Bacteria biology Infant Newborn JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases NF-kappa B Pathogenic bacteria biology.organism_classification Immunity Innate Infectious Diseases Beta defensin medicine.anatomical_structure Gene Expression Regulation Streptococcus pyogenes Parasitology Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Fusobacterium nucleatum Keratinocyte Signal Transduction |
Zdroj: | Infection and Immunity. 72:352-358 |
ISSN: | 1098-5522 0019-9567 |
Popis: | The innate immune response is critical for the epithelial antimicrobial barrier. The human β-defensins are small, cationic antimicrobial peptides that are made by epithelial cells and that play a role in mucosal and skin defenses. Human β-defensin 1 (hBD-1) is expressed constitutively in epithelial tissues, whereas hBD-2 and hBD-3 are expressed in response to bacterial stimuli or inflammation. Previous studies showed that hBD-2 was induced by Fusobacterium nucleatum cell wall extract without the involvement of the NF-κB transcription factors, which typically are associated with innate immunity and inflammation. The goal of this study was to characterize signaling pathways involved in hBD-2 induction in response to commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Cultured human oral and foreskin keratinocytes were treated separately with inhibitors of NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 and then stimulated with oral commensal Streptococcus gordonii , oral pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans , skin commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis , or skin pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes . Different bacteria induced different levels of hBD-2 and in response to the various inhibitors tested, although certain common patterns were observed for commensal- and pathogen-stimulated cells. hBD-2 induction by all bacteria tested was partially or completely blocked by inhibitors of the JNK and p38 pathways. However, in addition, hBD-2 induction by pathogenic bacteria in both oral and foreskin keratinocytes was blocked by inhibitors of NF-κB. The results indicate that commensal and pathogenic bacteria utilize different pathways in hBD-2 induction and suggest that epithelial cells from different body sites have common signaling mechanisms to distinguish between commensal and pathogenic bacteria. |
Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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