Advances in the detection of designer steroids in anti-doping
| Autor: | Costas Georgakopoulos, Maria Tsivou, Mohammed Alsayrafi, A. G. Fragkaki, Yiannis S. Angelis, Souheil Kraiem, Khadija Saad, Ariadni Vonaparti, Wadha Abushareeda, Emmanouil Lyris |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Doping in Sports
Computer science Clinical Biochemistry Nanotechnology General Medicine Analytical science Mass spectrometric Analytical Chemistry Medical Laboratory Technology Anabolic Agents Risk analysis (engineering) Humans Steroids General Pharmacology Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Performance enhancement Identification criteria |
| Zdroj: | Bioanalysis. 6(6) |
| ISSN: | 1757-6199 |
| Popis: | The abuse of unknown designer androgenic anabolic steroids (AAS) is considered to be an issue of significant importance, as AAS are the choice of doping preference according to World Anti-doping Agency statistics. In addition, unknown designer AAS are preferred since the World Anti-doping Agency mass spectrometric identification criteria cannot be applied to unknown molecules. Consequently, cheating athletes have a strong motive to use designer AAS in order to both achieve performance enhancement and to escape from testing positive in anti-doping tests. To face the problem, a synergy is required between the anti-doping analytical science and sports anti-doping regulations. This Review examines various aspects of the designer AAS. First, the structural modifications of the already known AAS to create new designer molecules are explained. A list of the designer synthetic and endogenous AAS is then presented. Second, we discuss progress in the detection of designer AAS using: mass spectrometry and bioassays; analytical data processing of the unknown designer AAS; metabolite synthesis; and, long-term storage of urine and blood samples. Finally, the introduction of regulations from sports authorities as preventive measures for long-term storage and reprocessing of samples, initially reported as negatives, is discussed. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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