A systematic review of Bisphenol A 'low dose' studies in the context of human exposure: A case for establishing standards for reporting 'low-dose' effects of chemicals
| Autor: | Sesha Hanson-Drury, Justin G. Teeguarden |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2013 |
| Předmět: |
Adult
endocrine system Bisphenol A Population Context (language use) Endocrine Disruptors Toxicology chemistry.chemical_compound Phenols Environmental health Toxicity Tests Animals Humans Medicine Benzhydryl Compounds Child education Mammals education.field_of_study Dose-Response Relationship Drug Phenols toxicity business.industry Low dose Environmental Exposure General Medicine chemistry Human exposure Toxicity Environmental Pollutants business hormones hormone substitutes and hormone antagonists Food Science |
| Zdroj: | Food and Chemical Toxicology. 62:935-948 |
| ISSN: | 0278-6915 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.fct.2013.07.007 |
| Popis: | Human exposure to the chemical Bisphenol A is almost ubiquitous in surveyed industrialized societies. Structural features similar to estrogen confer the ability of Bisphenol A (BPA) to bind estrogen receptors, giving BPA membership in the group of environmental pollutants called endocrine disruptors. References by scientists, the media, political entities, and non-governmental organizations to many toxicity studies as “low dose” has led to the belief that exposure levels in these studies are similar to humans, implying that BPA is toxic to humans at current exposures. Through systematic, objective comparison of our current, and a previous compilation of the “low-dose” literature to multiple estimates of human external and internal exposure levels, we found that the “low-dose” moniker describes exposures covering 8–12 orders of magnitude, the majority (91–99% of exposures) being greater than the upper bound of human exposure in the general infant, child and adult U.S. Population. “low dose” is therefore a descriptor without specific meaning regarding human exposure. Where human exposure data are available, for BPA and other environmental chemicals, reference to toxicity study exposures by direct comparison to human exposure would be more informative, more objective, and less susceptible to misunderstanding. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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