The Clinical Toxicology of 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B): The Severity of Poisoning After Exposure to Low to Moderate and High Doses
| Autor: | Dana Ohana, Antoinette J.H.P. van Riel, Laura Hondebrink, Johanna J. Nugteren-van Lonkhuyzen, Dylan W. de Lange, Ruben Q. Vrolijk |
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| Rok vydání: | 2019 |
| Předmět: |
Tachycardia
Adult Male medicine.medical_specialty Adolescent Urine Clinical toxicology Severity of Illness Index Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Cohort Studies Interviews as Topic 03 medical and health sciences Young Adult 0302 clinical medicine Internal medicine Mydriasis medicine High doses Humans 030212 general & internal medicine Prospective Studies Prospective cohort study Netherlands Dose-Response Relationship Drug business.industry Poisoning 030208 emergency & critical care medicine Middle Aged Dimethoxyphenylethylamine Toxicity Emergency Medicine Anxiety Female medicine.symptom business |
| Zdroj: | Annals of emergency medicine. 76(3) |
| ISSN: | 1097-6760 |
| Popis: | Study objective We studied the severity of poisoning after exposure to low to moderate and high doses of 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B). Methods Patients for whom the Dutch Poisons Information Centre was consulted for 2C-B exposure from 2016 to 2018 were included in a prospective cohort study. Data were collected through telephone interviews with the physician or patient. Patients were categorized according to the reported 2C-B dose: low to moderate (up to 20 mg), high (greater than 20 mg), or unknown. Presence of 2C-B was analyzed in leftover drug and biological samples with liquid/gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The severity of poisoning was graded with the Poisoning Severity Score. Results We included 59 patients, of whom 32 could be followed up. Low to moderate 2C-B doses were reported by 9 patients (28%), high doses by 17 (53%), and unknown doses by 6 (19%). Poisoning was moderate in the majority of patients in both the low- to moderate-dose and high-dose groups. Frequently reported symptoms included mydriasis, agitation or aggression, hallucinations, confusion, anxiety, hypertension, and tachycardia. The presence of 2C-B was confirmed in 5 patients in urine (n=3) or drug samples (n=4). Conclusion In this study, most 2C-B poisonings resulted in moderate toxicity even at high reported doses up to 192 mg. No severe cases were observed. The clinical course was usually short-lived (up to 24 hours) and typically involved hallucinations in addition to mild somatic effects. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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