Atmospheric concentrations of persistent organic pollutants over the Pacific Ocean near southern Taiwan and the northern Philippines
| Autor: | Yan Yu Gou, Shui-Jen Chen, Kuang Yu Chen, Lin-Chi Wang, Ding Yan Lin, Tsyr Huei Chiou, Wen-Jhy Lee, How-Ran Chao |
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| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
Pollutant
Air Pollutants Pacific Ocean Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins Environmental Engineering Atmosphere Philippines Southern taiwan Polybrominated Biphenyls Taiwan Polychlorinated Biphenyls Pollution Pacific ocean Polychlorinated diphenyl ethers Polybrominated diphenyl ethers Congener Environmental chemistry Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers Environmental Chemistry Environmental science Waste Management and Disposal Environmental Monitoring |
| Zdroj: | Science of The Total Environment. :51-59 |
| ISSN: | 0048-9697 |
| DOI: | 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.017 |
| Popis: | This study investigates the atmospheric occurrence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) over the Pacific Ocean near southern Taiwan and the northern Philippines. We determined sixty-six compounds, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DLPCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), as well as polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs), and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), in air samples simultaneously collected from the offshore oceanic atmosphere (n=6) and over a rural area (n=2). We calculated the atmospheric World Health Organization 2005 toxic equivalency levels (WHO2005-TEQ), for the total dioxin-like POPs, including PCDD/Fs, DLPCBs, and PBDD/Fs, being 0.00612 pg WHO2005-TEQ/m(3) and 0.0138 pg WHO2005-TEQ/m(3) over the ocean and land, respectively. We found unexpected lower averaged atmospheric PBDE concentrations in the rural area (15.9 pg/m(3)) than over the ocean (31.1 pg/m(3)) due to higher levels of the BDE209 congener, although the difference was not statistically significant. We have compared and reported our field results with previously published datasets over the global oceans, which suggest PCBs and PBDEs are the dominant chemical contaminants in the global oceanic atmosphere among these halogenated POPs (e.g. PCBs and Σdi-hepta PBDEs could be found in the range of 0.09-48.7 and 8.07-94.0 pg/m(3), respectively, including our dataset). However, there are still very few investigations on the global atmospheric levels of PBDD/Fs, PCDEs and PBBs and our data sums to these earlier studies. Finally, we point out that the halogenated POPs originated from Taiwan or the continental East Asia which could easily reach remote ocean sites via atmospheric transport. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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