Advanced Self-Passivating Alloys for an Application under Extreme Conditions
| Autor: | Hans Ulrich Benz, A. N. Suchkov, E. Tejado, Yury Gasparyan, Pawel Bittner, Damian Sobieraj, Jiri Matejicek, Thomas Morgan, H. Zoz, Christian Linsmeier, J. W. Coenen, Martin Bram, Duc Nguyen-Manh, Xiaoyue Tan, F. Klein, Jan S. Wróbel, Mark R. Gilbert, Ivan Povstugar, Diana Bachurina, Jesus Gonzalez-Julian, Janina Ertmer, Anicha Reuban, Andrey Litnovsky |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
Power station
Sintering chemistry.chemical_element Tungsten Smart material 7. Clean energy 01 natural sciences 010305 fluids & plasmas self-passivating tungsten alloys 0103 physical sciences Concentrated solar power ddc:530 General Materials Science DEMO safety SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy 010302 applied physics Mining engineering. Metallurgy erosion resistance fast suppressed oxidation Metals and Alloys TN1-997 Yttrium Shape-memory alloy Microstructure Engineering physics chemistry |
| Zdroj: | Metals, Vol 11, Iss 1255, p 1255 (2021) Metals 11(8), 1255-(2021). doi:10.3390/met11081255 Metals, 11, 1255 |
| ISSN: | 2075-4701 |
| DOI: | 10.3390/met11081255 |
| Popis: | Self-passivating Metal Alloys with Reduced Thermo-oxidation (SMART) are under development for the primary application as plasma-facing materials for the first wall in a fusion DEMOnstration power plant (DEMO). SMART materials must combine suppressed oxidation in case of an accident and an acceptable plasma performance during the regular operation of the future power plant. Modern SMART materials contain chromium as a passivating element, yttrium as an active element and a tungsten base matrix. An overview of the research and development program on SMART materials is presented and all major areas of the structured R&D are explained. Attaining desired performance under accident and regular plasma conditions are vital elements of an R&D program addressing the viability of the entire concept. An impressive more than 104-fold suppression of oxidation, accompanied with more than 40-fold suppression of sublimation of tungsten oxide, was attained during an experimentally reproduced accident event with a duration of 10 days. The sputtering resistance under DEMO-relevant plasma conditions of SMART materials and pure tungsten was identical for conditions corresponding to nearly 20 days of continuous DEMO operation. Fundamental understanding of physics processes undergone in the SMART material is gained via fundamental studies comprising dedicated modeling and experiments. The important role of yttrium, stabilizing the SMART alloy microstructure and improving self-passivating behavior, is under investigation. Activities toward industrial up-scale have begun, comprising the first mechanical alloying with an industrial partner and the sintering of a bulk SMART alloy sample with dimensions of 100 mm × 100 mm × 7 mm using an industrial facility. These achievements open the way to further expansion of the SMART technology toward its application in fusion and potentially in other renewable energy sources such as concentrated solar power stations. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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