Echocardiographic features of PFOs and paradoxical embolism: a complicated puzzle
| Autor: | Emmanouil Vavuranakis, Constantina Aggeli, Konstadinos Toutouzas, Efstathia Andrikopoulou, Dimitrios Tousoulis, A Verveniotis |
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| Rok vydání: | 2018 |
| Předmět: |
medicine.medical_specialty
Echocardiography Three-Dimensional Foramen Ovale Patent Patient characteristics 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Paradoxical embolism Predictive Value of Tests Risk Factors Internal medicine medicine Humans Radiology Nuclear Medicine and imaging 030212 general & internal medicine Incidental Findings business.industry Hemodynamics Prognosis medicine.disease Atrial septum Echocardiography Doppler Color Stroke Cryptogenic stroke Contrast echocardiography Patent foramen ovale Cardiology Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine business Echocardiography Transesophageal Embolism Paradoxical Foramen Ovale |
| Zdroj: | The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging. 34:1849-1861 |
| ISSN: | 1573-0743 1569-5794 |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s10554-018-1406-1 |
| Popis: | Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a residual, oblique, slit or tunnel like communication in the atrial septum that persists into adulthood. It is usually an incidental finding with no clinical repercussions. Nevertheless, recent evidence supports the association between the presence of a PFO and a number of clinical conditions, most notably cryptogenic stroke (CS). There is enough evidence that paradoxical embolism is a mechanism which can explain this association. Patient characteristics and certain echocardiography-derived anatomical and hemodynamic features of PFO provide great assistance in estimating the probability of paradoxical embolism. In this review, we initially describe PFO embryology and anatomy. We extensively present the available data on clinical, anatomical and hemodynamic features of PFOs which have been correlated with increased likelihood of paradoxical embolism and recent evidence of therapeutic management. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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