The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump
| Autor: | Diane K. Stoecker, JoAnn M. Burkholder, Kevin J. Flynn, Mikhail V. Zubkov, Susanne Wilken, Per Juel Hansen, Terje Berge, John A. Raven, Albert Calbet, Aditee Mitra, Patricia M. Glibert, T. Frede Thingstad, Selina Våge, Urban Tillmann, Edna Granéli |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2014 |
| Předmět: |
0106 biological sciences
Nutrient cycle 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences lcsh:Life Biology Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Marine biology: 497 [VDP] 01 natural sciences Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488 [VDP] lcsh:QH540-549.5 Phytoplankton Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences Ecosystem 14. Life underwater Ecology Evolution Behavior and Systematics Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Marinbiologi: 497 [VDP] 0105 earth and related environmental sciences Earth-Surface Processes Trophic level Ecology 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology fungi lcsh:QE1-996.5 Biological pump 15. Life on land Plankton Food web lcsh:Geology lcsh:QH501-531 13. Climate action Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Økologi: 488 [VDP] lcsh:Ecology Mixotroph |
| Zdroj: | Biogeosciences, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 995-1005 (2014) Digital.CSIC. Repositorio Institucional del CSIC instname Biogeosciences (1726-4170) (Copernicus Gesellschaft Mbh), 2014, Vol. 11, N. 4, P. 995-1005 Mitra, A, Flynn, K J, Burkholder, J M, Berge, T, Calbet, A, Raven, J A, Graneli, E, Glibert, P M, Hansen, P J, Stoecker, D K, Thingstad, F, Tillmann, U, Våge, S & Zubkov, M V 2014, ' The role of mixotrophic protists in the biological carbon pump ', Biogeosciences, vol. 11, pp. 995-1005 . https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-995-2014 |
| ISSN: | 1726-4189 1726-4170 |
| DOI: | 10.5194/bg-11-995-2014 |
| Popis: | Mitra, Aditee ... et. al.-- 11 pages, 6 figures The traditional view of the planktonic food web describes consumption of inorganic nutrients by photoautotrophic phytoplankton, which in turn supports zooplankton and ultimately higher trophic levels. Pathways centred on bacteria provide mechanisms for nutrient recycling. This structure lies at the foundation of most models used to explore biogeochemical cycling, functioning of the biological pump, and the impact of climate change on these processes. We suggest an alternative new paradigm, which sees the bulk of the base of this food web supported by protist plankton communities that are mixotrophic-combining phototrophy and phagotrophy within a single cell. The photoautotrophic eukaryotic plankton and their heterotrophic microzooplankton grazers dominate only during the developmental phases of ecosystems (e.g. spring bloom in temperate systems). With their flexible nutrition, mixotrophic protists dominate in more-mature systems (e.g. temperate summer, established eutrophic systems and oligotrophic systems); the more-stable water columns suggested under climate change may also be expected to favour these mixotrophs. We explore how such a predominantly mixotrophic structure affects microbial trophic dynamics and the biological pump. The mixotroph-dominated structure differs fundamentally in its flow of energy and nutrients, with a shortened and potentially more efficient chain from nutrient regeneration to primary production. Furthermore, mixotrophy enables a direct conduit for the support of primary production from bacterial production. We show how the exclusion of an explicit mixotrophic component in studies of the pelagic microbial communities leads to a failure to capture the true dynamics of the carbon flow. In order to prevent a misinterpretation of the full implications of climate change upon biogeochemical cycling and the functioning of the biological pump, we recommend inclusion of multi-nutrient mixotroph models within ecosystem studies. © 2014 Author(s) A. Calbet was partially supported by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain through project PROTOS (CTM2009-08783). A. Mitra was supported in part by project EURO-BASIN (Ref. 264933, 7FP, European Union). D. K. Stoecker was partially supported by NSF award 1031344. J. Hawkey assisted with graphic preparation. A. Mitra thanks Rohan Mitra-Flynn for his continuing support. This is contribution number 4789 from UMCES. The University of Dundee is a registered charity, no. SC010596 |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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