The role of supplementary environmental surveillance to complement acute flaccid paralysis surveillance for wild poliovirus in Pakistan - 2011-2013
| Autor: | Walter A. Orenstein, Cara C. Burns, Jane Iber, Syed Sohail Zahoor Zaidi, Farzana Malik, Tori L. Cowger, Elizabeth Henderson, Salmaan Sharif, S. Shahid Shaukat, Lubna Rehman, Howard E. Gary, Mark A. Pallansch |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Rok vydání: | 2017 |
| Předmět: |
0301 basic medicine
RNA viruses Viral Diseases Epidemiology lcsh:Medicine medicine.disease_cause Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Global Health Enteroviruses Viral Packaging Geographical Locations Medicine and Health Sciences Pakistan Poliovirus type lcsh:Science Disease surveillance Multidisciplinary Disease Eradication Poliovirus Database and informatics methods Sequence analysis Poliomyelitis Infectious Diseases Medical Microbiology Viral Pathogens Population Surveillance Viruses Pathogens Research Article Environmental Monitoring Acute flaccid paralysis Asia Infectious Disease Control Bioinformatics 030106 microbiology Nucleotide Sequencing Disease Surveillance Research and Analysis Methods Microbiology 03 medical and health sciences Viral genetics Virology medicine Humans Molecular Biology Techniques Sequencing Techniques Microbial Pathogens Molecular Biology DNA sequence analysis Biology and life sciences business.industry Environmental surveillance lcsh:R Organisms medicine.disease Viral Replication Infectious Disease Surveillance People and Places lcsh:Q business |
| Zdroj: | PLoS ONE, Vol 12, Iss 7, p e0180608 (2017) PLoS ONE |
| ISSN: | 1932-6203 |
| Popis: | Background More than 99% of poliovirus infections are non-paralytic and therefore, not detected by acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance. Environmental surveillance (ES) can detect circulating polioviruses from sewage without relying on clinical presentation. With extensive ES and continued circulation of polioviruses, Pakistan presents a unique opportunity to quantify the impact of ES as a supplement to AFP surveillance on overall completeness and timeliness of poliovirus detection. Methods Genetic, geographic and temporal data were obtained for all wild poliovirus (WPV) isolates detected in Pakistan from January 2011 through December 2013. We used viral genetics to assess gaps in AFP surveillance and ES as measured by detection of ‘orphan viruses’ (≥1.5% different in VP1 capsid nucleotide sequence). We compared preceding detection of closely related circulating isolates (≥99% identity) detected by AFP surveillance or ES to determine which surveillance system first detected circulation before the presentation of each polio case. Findings A total of 1,127 WPV isolates were detected by AFP surveillance and ES in Pakistan from 2011–2013. AFP surveillance and ES combined exhibited fewer gaps (i.e., % orphan viruses) in detection than AFP surveillance alone (3.3% vs. 7.7%, respectively). ES detected circulation before AFP surveillance in nearly 60% of polio cases (200 of 346). For polio cases reported from provinces conducting ES, ES detected circulation nearly four months sooner on average (117.6 days) than did AFP surveillance. Interpretation Our findings suggest ES in Pakistan is providing earlier, more sensitive detection of wild polioviruses than AFP surveillance alone. Overall, targeted ES through strategic selection of sites has important implications in the eradication endgame strategy. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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