Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa
| Autor: | Jeroen Kool, Nafiseh Nasri Nasrabadi, Melissa Hale, Mátyás A. Bittenbinder, Shirin Ahmadi, Darian S Wolff, Andreas Hougaard Laustsen, Timothy P. Jenkins, Freek J. Vonk, Dilber E Akgun, Trenton K Stewart |
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| Rok vydání: | 2021 |
| Předmět: |
RC955-962
Snake Bites North africa Scorpion stings Review Iran Toxicology Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Geographical Locations Medical Conditions Africa Northern Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine Medicine and Health Sciences Toxins Snakebite 0303 health sciences Middle East Scorpion Stings biology Antivenins 030302 biochemistry & molecular biology Eukaryota Snakes Spiders Squamates 3. Good health Infectious Diseases Vertebrates Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Snake Venoms Neglected Tropical Diseases Prioritization Asia Arthropoda Toxic Agents Scorpion Scorpion Venoms complex mixtures Scorpions 03 medical and health sciences SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being biology.animal Environmental health Arachnida medicine Animals Humans 030304 developmental biology Venoms Spider bites Public Health Environmental and Occupational Health Organisms Biology and Life Sciences Reptiles medicine.disease Tropical Diseases Invertebrates Amniotes People and Places Africa Zoology |
| Zdroj: | PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jenkins, T P, Ahmadi, S, Bittenbinder, M A, Stewart, T K, Akgun, D E, Hale, M, Nasrabadi, N N, Wolff, D S, Vonk, F J, Kool, J & Laustsen, A H 2021, ' Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the Middle East and North Africa ', PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 15, no. 12, e0009880 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009880 PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases Jenkins, T P, Ahmadi, S, Bittenbinder, M A, Stewart, T K, Akgun, D E, Hale, M, Nasrabadi, N N, Wolff, D S, Vonk, F J, Kool, J & Laustsen, A H 2021, ' Terrestrial venomous animals, the envenomings they cause, and treatment perspectives in the middle east and North Africa ', PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, vol. 15, no. 12, e0009880, pp. 1-36 . https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009880 PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 12, p e0009880 (2021) |
| ISSN: | 1935-2735 |
| DOI: | 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009880 |
| Popis: | The Middle East and Northern Africa, collectively known as the MENA region, are inhabited by a plethora of venomous animals that cause up to 420,000 bites and stings each year. To understand the resultant health burden and the key variables affecting it, this review describes the epidemiology of snake, scorpion, and spider envenomings primarily based on heterogenous hospital data in the MENA region and the pathologies associated with their venoms. In addition, we discuss the venom composition and the key medically relevant toxins of these venomous animals, and, finally, the antivenoms that are currently in use to counteract them. Unlike Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, scorpion stings are significantly more common (approximately 350,000 cases/year) than snakebites (approximately 70,000 cases/year) and present the most significant contributor to the overall health burden of envenomings, with spider bites being negligible. However, this review also indicates that there is a substantial lack of high-quality envenoming data available for the MENA region, rendering many of these estimates speculative. Our understanding of the venoms and the toxins they contain is also incomplete, but already presents clear trends. For instance, the majority of snake venoms contain snake venom metalloproteinases, while sodium channel–binding toxins and potassium channel–binding toxins are the scorpion toxins that cause most health-related challenges. There also currently exist a plethora of antivenoms, yet only few are clinically validated, and their high cost and limited availability present a substantial health challenge. Yet, some of the insights presented in this review might help direct future research and policy efforts toward the appropriate prioritization of efforts and aid the development of future therapeutic solutions, such as next-generation antivenoms. |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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