Sex Differences in the Prevalence and Detection of Depressive and Anxiety Disorders in General Health Care Settings

Autor: Bea G. Tiemens, Michele Tansella, Venos G. Mavreas, Ailsa Korten, Richard Gater, Michael O. Olatawura
Rok vydání: 1998
Předmět:
Male
Global Health
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/statistics & numerical data
Odds Ratio
Prevalence
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Medicine
Depressive Disorder/*epidemiology
ROLES
Agoraphobia/epidemiology
Data Collection
LIFETIME PREVALENCE
Panic Disorder/epidemiology
PSYCHIATRIC-DISORDERS
Anxiety Disorders
Psychiatry and Mental health
World Health
Panic Disorder
Regression Analysis
Anxiety
Female
medicine.symptom
Psychosocial
Anxiety disorder
Clinical psychology
Cross-Cultural Comparison
medicine.medical_specialty
Generalized anxiety disorder
ILLNESS
World Health Organization
Sampling Studies
Sex Factors
DISTRESS
Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous)
MENTAL-DISORDERS
Confidence Intervals
Humans
Psychiatry
Agoraphobia
Anxiety Disorders/*epidemiology
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Depressive Disorder
Primary Health Care
business.industry
Panic disorder
Panic
Odds ratio
medicine.disease
EXPERIENCE
Primary Health Care/*statistics & numerical data
GENDER
business
Zdroj: Archives of General Psychiatry, 55(5), 405-413. AMER MEDICAL ASSOC
ISSN: 0003-990X
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.55.5.405
Popis: BACKGROUND: Understanding the relevance of biological and social factors to sex differences in the prevalence and detection of depressive and anxiety disorders has been impaired by the lack of standardized research methods across cultures. METHOD: Prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders were assessed using a 2-stage design from 26,969 patients attending for primary care in 15 centers from 4 continents. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine sex differences in prevalence and detection across centers. RESULTS: Odds ratios for women compared with men of current depression (1.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.37-1.86) and agoraphobia or panic (1.63; 95% CI, 1.18-2.20) were consistent across centers. The odds ratio for generalized anxiety varied among centers: 3 groups of centers were identified with odds ratios of 0.46 (95% CI, 0.27-0.78), 1.34 (95% CI, 1.08-1.66), and 3.09 (95% CI, 1.60-5.89). There was no sex difference in the detection of depressive and anxiety disorders by physicians across centers. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of a sex-by-center effect for current depression and agoraphobia or panic disorder is consistent with biological and psychosocial factors, either interacting or working alone, that have a similar final effect across cultures. It does not support the idea that sex differences in prevalence are caused by local psychosocial factors that vary from country to country. The variation in the odds ratio for generalized anxiety disorder offers some support to the idea that there are local differences between the centers contributing to the sex difference in rates. Patients' sex does not appear to affect the likelihood of current depression and anxiety being detected by primary care physicians. Arch Gen Psychiatry
Databáze: OpenAIRE
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