European Patent in Immunoncology: From Immunological Principles of Implantation to Cancer Treatment

Autor:	Ralph M. Wirtz, Franziska M. Würfel, Christoph Winterhalter, Wolfgang Würfel, Peter Trenkwalder
Rok vydání:	2019
Předmět:	0301 basic medicine HLA-E HLA-F HLA-G Review Human leukocyte antigen Bioinformatics Catalysis lcsh:Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry 03 medical and health sciences 0302 clinical medicine Immune system HLA Antigens Neoplasms medicine Humans cancer Physical and Theoretical Chemistry lcsh:QH301-705.5 Molecular Biology Spectroscopy immune evasion granted European patent Pregnancy Fetus individualized antibody therapy business.industry Organic Chemistry Trophoblast General Medicine medicine.disease Primary tumor Computer Science Applications Europe 030104 developmental biology medicine.anatomical_structure lcsh:Biology (General) lcsh:QD1-999 Immune System 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis embryonic structures Tumor Escape Immunotherapy business HLA profiling
Zdroj:	International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 8, p 1830 (2019) International Journal of Molecular Sciences
ISSN:	1422-0067
DOI:	10.3390/ijms20081830
Popis:	The granted European patent EP 2 561 890 describes a procedure for an immunological treatment of cancer. It is based on the principles of the HLA-supported communication of implantation and pregnancy. These principles ensure that the embryo is not rejected by the mother. In pregnancy, the placenta, more specifically the trophoblast, creates an “interface„ between the embryo/fetus and the maternal immune system. Trophoblasts do not express the “original„ HLA identification of the embryo/fetus (HLA-A to -DQ), but instead show the non-classical HLA groups E, F, and G. During interaction with specific receptors of NK cells (e.g., killer-immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR)) and lymphocytes (lymphocyte-immunoglobulin-like receptors (LIL-R)), the non-classical HLA groups inhibit these immunocompetent cells outside pregnancy. However, tumors are known to be able to express these non-classical HLA groups and thus make use of an immuno-communication as in pregnancies. If this occurs, the prognosis usually worsens. This patent describes, in a first step, the profiling of the non-classical HLA groups in primary tumor tissue as well as metastases and recurrent tumors. The second step comprises tailored antibody therapies, which is the subject of this patent. In this review, we analyze the underlying mechanisms and describe the currently known differences between HLA-supported communication of implantation and that of tumors.
Databáze:	OpenAIRE
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