What about breast cancer and cardiovascular disease risks with the best treatments during the climacterium and beyond
| Autor: | Manuel Neves-e-Castro |
|---|---|
| Rok vydání: | 2005 |
| Předmět: |
Gynecology
medicine.medical_specialty business.industry Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism Estrogen Replacement Therapy Osteoporosis Obstetrics and Gynecology Breast Neoplasms Disease medicine.disease Clinical trial Endocrinology Quality of life (healthcare) Breast cancer Cardiovascular Diseases Practice Guidelines as Topic Epidemiology medicine Humans Female Observational study Menopause business Climacteric Intensive care medicine |
| Zdroj: | Gynecological Endocrinology. 20:301-304 |
| ISSN: | 1473-0766 0951-3590 |
| DOI: | 10.1080/09513590500153953 |
| Popis: | There is a general tendency to consider that sex steroid hormones are the only instruments with which to treat women when they enter the climacteric phase of their lives. Both women and physicians share this assumption. Otherwise the ongoing discussions that have exploded all over the world would not have been centered only in the risk–benefit assessment of hormonal treatments. The climacteric is a complex phase of a woman’s life, being the transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive years. There are many symptoms that may interfere with women’s quality of life during this time, derived either from hormonal imbalances and deficiencies or from factors arising from the microsocial or macrosocial environments that surround them. The climacteric, due to hormonal causes and aging, is also a time for the onset of several risk factors for diseases that may be manifested later in life. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD), osteoporosis and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), to name only the major ones, may have an impact on the duration and quality of life. There are abundant epidemiological studies that confirm the increased incidence of such diseases, as well as many others, in untreated women, and give benefit–risk analyses of the hormonal treatments to which women receiving medication have been submitted. However, little attention is paid to other pharmacological interventions (non-hormonal) and strategies that have been shown to be important for the prevention of such diseases and to maintain or improve health. What has been learned from the major observational studies and clinical trials? |
| Databáze: | OpenAIRE |
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